Administration of probiotics reduces bacterial translocation after intestinal transplantation in rats.

Bacterial translocation (BT) has been suggested to be responsible for the high incidence of infections after intestinal transplantation (IT). The purpose of this study was to examine whether a probiotic supplement after orthotopic IT ameliorated ischemia-reperfusion injury and reduced BT at 4 or 6 days postoperative (sham or IT), as mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), liver, and splenic tissue samples from the six groups were assessed for BT by bacterial culture, measurement of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in MLNs by competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and histological evaluation by Park's classification. Oral administration of probiotics after IT did not improve short-term survival rates compared with the transplant-only groups (P > .05). However, the BT rates and levels of TNF-α in MLNs in groups with IT only were higher than the probiotic cohorts (P < .05). Histological injuries were significantly ameliorated in the group with six days of probiotic treatment compared with that in the nontreated hosts (P < .05). These data indicated that administration of probiotics after IT improved graft histology and reduced BT in rats.