Challenges in the diagnosis of 2009 H1N1 in a lung transplant patient and the long-term implications for prevention and treatment: a case report.

Although respiratory viral infections have been associated with acute rejection and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, the long-term impact of the novel pandemic influenza A (2009 H1N1) virus on lung transplant patients has not been defined. We describe the diagnostic challenges and long-term consequences of 2009 H1N1 infection in a lung transplant patient, discuss the potential implications for prevention and treatment, and conclude that even timely antiviral therapy may be insufficient to prevent long-term morbidity.