BACKGROUND: Tourette Syndrome (TS) has been linked to both genetic and environmental factors. Gene-expression studies provide valuable insight into the causes of TS; however, many studies of gene expression in TS do not account for the effects of medication. MATERIALS & METHODS: To investigate the effects of medication on gene expression in TS patients, RNA was isolated from the peripheral blood of 20 medicated TS subjects (MED) and 23 unmedicated TS subjects (UNMED), and quantified using whole-genome Affymetrix microarrays. RESULTS: D2 dopamine receptor expression correlated positively with tic severity in MED but not UNMED. GABA(A) receptor ε subunit expression negatively correlated with tic severity in UNMED but not MED. Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase expression positively correlated with tic severity in UNMED but not MED. CONCLUSION: Modulation of tics by TS medication is associated with changes in dopamine, norepinephrine and GABA pathways.
BACKGROUND:Tourette Syndrome (TS) has been linked to both genetic and environmental factors. Gene-expression studies provide valuable insight into the causes of TS; however, many studies of gene expression in TS do not account for the effects of medication. MATERIALS & METHODS: To investigate the effects of medication on gene expression in TS patients, RNA was isolated from the peripheral blood of 20 medicated TS subjects (MED) and 23 unmedicated TS subjects (UNMED), and quantified using whole-genome Affymetrix microarrays. RESULTS:D2 dopamine receptor expression correlated positively with tic severity in MED but not UNMED. GABA(A) receptor ε subunit expression negatively correlated with tic severity in UNMED but not MED. Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase expression positively correlated with tic severity in UNMED but not MED. CONCLUSION: Modulation of tics by TS medication is associated with changes in dopamine, norepinephrine and GABA pathways.
Authors: Peristera Paschou; Thomas V Fernandez; Frank Sharp; Gary A Heiman; Pieter J Hoekstra Journal: Int Rev Neurobiol Date: 2013 Impact factor: 3.230
Authors: Natalie J Forde; Ahmad S Kanaan; Joanna Widomska; Shanmukha S Padmanabhuni; Ester Nespoli; John Alexander; Juan I Rodriguez Arranz; Siyan Fan; Rayan Houssari; Muhammad S Nawaz; Francesca Rizzo; Luca Pagliaroli; Nuno R Zilhäo; Tamas Aranyi; Csaba Barta; Tobias M Boeckers; Dorret I Boomsma; Wim R Buisman; Jan K Buitelaar; Danielle Cath; Andrea Dietrich; Nicole Driessen; Petros Drineas; Michelle Dunlap; Sarah Gerasch; Jeffrey Glennon; Bastian Hengerer; Odile A van den Heuvel; Cathrine Jespersgaard; Harald E Möller; Kirsten R Müller-Vahl; Thaïra J C Openneer; Geert Poelmans; Petra J W Pouwels; Jeremiah M Scharf; Hreinn Stefansson; Zeynep Tümer; Dick J Veltman; Ysbrand D van der Werf; Pieter J Hoekstra; Andrea Ludolph; Peristera Paschou Journal: Front Neurosci Date: 2016-08-23 Impact factor: 4.677