OBJECTIVE: Assessing the association between alcohol ad exposure and alcohol use in German adolescents, controlling for general ad exposure. METHOD: Cross-sectional survey of 3415 sixth to eighth graders (mean 12.5 years) from 29 schools in three German states (June 2008). Exposure to 9 alcohol and 8 non-alcohol advertisements was measured with masked ad images; students indicated contact frequency and brand recall. Main outcomes were ever drinking, current drinking, binge drinking, alcohol use intentions and outcome expectancies. RESULTS: There was a bivariate association between both exposures (alcohol and non-alcohol ads) and all alcohol use measures. After adjustment for confounding, only alcohol ad exposure retained a significant association with outcomes. Multi-level logistic regressions revealed that compared with quartile one alcohol ad exposure, the adjusted odds ratios for quartile four were 2.4 (95% confidence interval 1.7-3.4) for trying drinking, 2.7 (1.8-3.9) for current drinking and 2.3 (1.6-3.5) for ever binge drinking. There was also an independent association between alcohol ad exposure and alcohol-related attitudes among never drinkers. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates a positive association between exposure to alcohol advertising and multiple youth drinking outcomes, showing that the association is content-specific, not just a function of general ad exposure.
OBJECTIVE: Assessing the association between alcohol ad exposure and alcohol use in German adolescents, controlling for general ad exposure. METHOD: Cross-sectional survey of 3415 sixth to eighth graders (mean 12.5 years) from 29 schools in three German states (June 2008). Exposure to 9alcohol and 8 non-alcohol advertisements was measured with masked ad images; students indicated contact frequency and brand recall. Main outcomes were ever drinking, current drinking, binge drinking, alcohol use intentions and outcome expectancies. RESULTS: There was a bivariate association between both exposures (alcohol and non-alcohol ads) and all alcohol use measures. After adjustment for confounding, only alcohol ad exposure retained a significant association with outcomes. Multi-level logistic regressions revealed that compared with quartile one alcohol ad exposure, the adjusted odds ratios for quartile four were 2.4 (95% confidence interval 1.7-3.4) for trying drinking, 2.7 (1.8-3.9) for current drinking and 2.3 (1.6-3.5) for ever binge drinking. There was also an independent association between alcohol ad exposure and alcohol-related attitudes among never drinkers. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates a positive association between exposure to alcohol advertising and multiple youth drinking outcomes, showing that the association is content-specific, not just a function of general ad exposure.
Authors: Craig S Ross; Emily Maple; Michael Siegel; William DeJong; Timothy S Naimi; Joshua Ostroff; Alisa A Padon; Dina L G Borzekowski; David H Jernigan Journal: Alcohol Clin Exp Res Date: 2014-07-01 Impact factor: 3.455
Authors: Sarah P Roberts; Michael B Siegel; William DeJong; Timothy S Naimi; David H Jernigan Journal: Alcohol Alcohol Date: 2014-06-12 Impact factor: 2.826
Authors: Auden C McClure; Mike Stoolmiller; Susanne E Tanski; Rutger C M E Engels; James D Sargent Journal: Alcohol Clin Exp Res Date: 2012-12-19 Impact factor: 3.455