Literature DB >> 21119801

Positive urine cultures: A major cause of inappropriate antimicrobial use in hospitals?

Samuel A Silver1, Laura Baillie, Andrew E Simor.   

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Urine specimens are among the most common samples submitted for culture to microbiology laboratories. The objectives of the present study were to describe the indications for obtaining urine cultures in a cohort of hospitalized patients, and to determine the appropriateness of antimicrobial therapy in response to urine culture results.
METHODS: The study was performed at a teaching hospital with an adjoining long-term care facility from June 1 to July 31, 2006. The medical records of nonpregnant adult patients with and without bacteriuria were reviewed. A symptomatic urinary tract infection was defined as the presence of bacteriuria in a patient with fever or urinary symptoms; asymptomatic bacteriuria was defined as bacteriuria without urinary symptoms and no infection evident at another site.
RESULTS: Medical records of 335 eligible patients (64% male; mean age 68 years) were reviewed, including all 137 with bacteriuria, and 198 with negative urine cultures. In total, 51% of the urine specimens were obtained from an indwelling urinary catheter, and 28% were voided urine samples. Confusion (57%) and fever (36%) were the most common indications noted for obtaining the urine cultures. Only 34 patients (25% of those with positive urine cultures) met the criteria for a symptomatic urinary tract infection; 67 (49%) had asymptomatic bacteriuria and 36 (26%) had infection at a nonurinary site. Of those with asymptomatic bacteriuria, 64% received antimicrobial therapy for a total of 347 days. Confused patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria were more likely to be treated than were bacteriuric patients without altered mental status (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2 to 4.1; P=0.03).
CONCLUSIONS: Urine cultures are frequently obtained from hospitalizedpatients,evenintheabsenceofurinarysymptoms.Asymptomatic bacteriuria is often treated in these patients, and accounts for a substantial burden of inappropriate antimicrobial use in hospitals. Effective strategies to improve urine culture ordering and antimicrobial utilization in hospitals need to be implemented.

Entities:  

Keywords:  Antimicrobial treatment; Asymptomatic bacteriuria; Laboratory utilization; Urinary tract infection

Year:  2009        PMID: 21119801      PMCID: PMC2807252          DOI: 10.1155/2009/702545

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol        ISSN: 1712-9532            Impact factor:   2.471


  32 in total

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2.  Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America guidelines for developing an institutional program to enhance antimicrobial stewardship.

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Journal:  Am J Med       Date:  1986-12       Impact factor: 4.965

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Authors:  D R Schaberg; R W Haley; A K Highsmith; R L Anderson; J E McGowan
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10.  Incidence and characteristics of antibiotic use in aged nursing home patients.

Authors:  J W Warren; F B Palumbo; L Fitterman; S M Speedie
Journal:  J Am Geriatr Soc       Date:  1991-10       Impact factor: 5.562

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Authors:  Barbara W Trautner
Journal:  Nat Rev Urol       Date:  2011-12-06       Impact factor: 14.432

2.  Vancomycin resistance has no influence on outcomes of enterococcal bacteriuria.

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Review 3.  A scoping review of important urinary catheter induced complications.

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4.  Prevalence of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Hospitalized Patients.

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7.  Treatment for Positive Urine Cultures in Hospitalized Adults: A Survey of Prevalence and Risk Factors in 3 Medical Centers.

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Authors:  Jonathan Chiu; G William Thompson; Thomas W Austin; Zafar Hussain; Michael John; Anne Marie Bombassaro; Sarah E Connelly; Sameer Elsayed
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9.  Impact of order set design on urine culturing practices at an academic medical centre emergency department.

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Journal:  BMJ Qual Saf       Date:  2018-01-20       Impact factor: 7.035

10.  Advancing antimicrobial stewardship: Summary of the 2015 CIDSC Report.

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Journal:  Can Commun Dis Rep       Date:  2016-11-03
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