Simple photoreduction of graphene oxide nanosheet under mild conditions.

Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were reduced by UV irradiation in H2 or N2 under mild conditions (at room temperature) without a photocatalyst. Photoreduction proceeded even in an aqueous suspension of nanosheets. The GO nanosheets reduced by this method were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that epoxy groups attached to the interiors of aromatic domains of the GO nanosheet were destroyed during UV irradiation to form relatively large sp2 islands resulting in a high conductivity. I-V curves were measured by conductive atomic force microscopy (AFM; perpendicular to a single nanosheet) and a two-electrode system (parallel to the nanosheet). They revealed that photoreduced GO nanosheets have high conductivities, whereas nonreduced GO nanosheets are nearly insulating. Ag+ adsorbed on GO nanosheets promoted the photoreduction. This photoreduction method was very useful for photopatterning a conducting section of micrometer size on insulating GO. The developed photoreduction process based on a photoreaction will extend the applications of GO to many fields because it can be performed in mild conditions without a photocatalyst.