BACKGROUND: Empirical data suggest that children with infrequent tobacco use have difficulty quitting smoking. METHODS: Data were obtained from the nationally representative Global Youth Tobacco Survey of middle-school students in Cyprus and Greece. Regression analyses examined associations between smoking frequency (smoking days per month or cigarettes smoked per day) and loss of autonomy (difficulty refraining from smoking). RESULTS: The prevalence of lost autonomy was 40% among subjects who smoked 1 or 2 days/month and 41% among subjects who averaged less than one cigarette/day and increased in a dose-response pattern. Regression models derived from the Cyprus data were replicated by the Greek data. CONCLUSIONS: Two national surveys confirm previous reports of difficulty with smoking cessation with infrequent smoking. Since loss of autonomy is universally recognised as a core feature of addiction, our data indicate that young adolescents experience symptoms of nicotine addiction with infrequent tobacco use.
BACKGROUND: Empirical data suggest that children with infrequent tobacco use have difficulty quitting smoking. METHODS: Data were obtained from the nationally representative Global Youth Tobacco Survey of middle-school students in Cyprus and Greece. Regression analyses examined associations between smoking frequency (smoking days per month or cigarettes smoked per day) and loss of autonomy (difficulty refraining from smoking). RESULTS: The prevalence of lost autonomy was 40% among subjects who smoked 1 or 2 days/month and 41% among subjects who averaged less than one cigarette/day and increased in a dose-response pattern. Regression models derived from the Cyprus data were replicated by the Greek data. CONCLUSIONS: Two national surveys confirm previous reports of difficulty with smoking cessation with infrequent smoking. Since loss of autonomy is universally recognised as a core feature of addiction, our data indicate that young adolescents experience symptoms of nicotine addiction with infrequent tobacco use.
Authors: Soteris Soteriades; Athanasios Basagiannis; Elpidoforos S Soteriades; Anastasia Barbouni; Varvara Mouchtouri; George Rachiotis; Christos Hadjichristodoulou Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2020-11-05 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Sarah H Stephens; Sarah M Hartz; Nicole R Hoft; Nancy L Saccone; Robin C Corley; John K Hewitt; Christian J Hopfer; Naomi Breslau; Hilary Coon; Xiangning Chen; Francesca Ducci; Nicole Dueker; Nora Franceschini; Josef Frank; Younghun Han; Nadia N Hansel; Chenhui Jiang; Tellervo Korhonen; Penelope A Lind; Jason Liu; Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen; Martha Michel; John R Shaffer; Susan E Short; Juzhong Sun; Alexander Teumer; John R Thompson; Nicole Vogelzangs; Jacqueline M Vink; Angela Wenzlaff; William Wheeler; Bao-Zhu Yang; Steven H Aggen; Anthony J Balmforth; Sebastian E Baumeister; Terri H Beaty; Daniel J Benjamin; Andrew W Bergen; Ulla Broms; David Cesarini; Nilanjan Chatterjee; Jingchun Chen; Yu-Ching Cheng; Sven Cichon; David Couper; Francesco Cucca; Danielle Dick; Tatiana Foroud; Helena Furberg; Ina Giegling; Nathan A Gillespie; Fangyi Gu; Alistair S Hall; Jenni Hällfors; Shizhong Han; Annette M Hartmann; Kauko Heikkilä; Ian B Hickie; Jouke Jan Hottenga; Pekka Jousilahti; Marika Kaakinen; Mika Kähönen; Philipp D Koellinger; Stephen Kittner; Bettina Konte; Maria-Teresa Landi; Tiina Laatikainen; Mark Leppert; Steven M Levy; Rasika A Mathias; Daniel W McNeil; Sarah E Medland; Grant W Montgomery; Tanda Murray; Matthias Nauck; Kari E North; Peter D Paré; Michele Pergadia; Ingo Ruczinski; Veikko Salomaa; Jorma Viikari; Gonneke Willemsen; Kathleen C Barnes; Eric Boerwinkle; Dorret I Boomsma; Neil Caporaso; Howard J Edenberg; Clyde Francks; Joel Gelernter; Hans Jörgen Grabe; Hyman Hops; Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin; Magnus Johannesson; Kenneth S Kendler; Terho Lehtimäki; Patrik K E Magnusson; Mary L Marazita; Jonathan Marchini; Braxton D Mitchell; Markus M Nöthen; Brenda W Penninx; Olli Raitakari; Marcella Rietschel; Dan Rujescu; Nilesh J Samani; Ann G Schwartz; Sanjay Shete; Margaret Spitz; Gary E Swan; Henry Völzke; Juha Veijola; Qingyi Wei; Chris Amos; Dale S Cannon; Richard Grucza; Dorothy Hatsukami; Andrew Heath; Eric O Johnson; Jaakko Kaprio; Pamela Madden; Nicholas G Martin; Victoria L Stevens; Robert B Weiss; Peter Kraft; Laura J Bierut; Marissa A Ehringer Journal: Genet Epidemiol Date: 2013-11-01 Impact factor: 2.135