BACKGROUND: To assess the depressant effects of alcohol on the level of consciousness of patients admitted with head injuries, this study examined the changes that occur in the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of traumatic brain injury patients over time. METHODS: The records of 269 head trauma patients consecutively admitted to the neurosurgery intensive care unit were examined retrospectively. Eighty-one patients were excluded because of incomplete data. The remaining 188 patients were further divided into an intoxicated group (blood alcohol concentration [BAC] ≥ 0.08%, n = 100 [53%]) and a nonintoxicated group (BAC <0.08%, n = 88 [47%]). The GCS in the prehospital setting, in the emergency department, and the highest GCS achieved during the first 24 hours postinjury were compared. RESULTS: The change between emergency department-GCS and the best day 1 GCS in the intoxicated group was greater than the nonintoxicated group and deemed clinically and statistically significant; median change (3 vs. 0) p < 0.001. To assess whether these results were directly related to the BAC%, piecewise regression using a general linear model was used to assess the intercept and slope of alcohol on the changes of GCS with cutting point at BAC% = 0.08. The analysis showed that, in the nonintoxicated range, the effect of alcohol was not significantly related to the changes of GCS. But in the intoxicated range, BAC% was significantly positively related to the changes of GCS. CONCLUSION: This study concludes that the GCS increases significantly over time in alcohol intoxicated patients with traumatic brain injury.
BACKGROUND: To assess the depressant effects of alcohol on the level of consciousness of patients admitted with head injuries, this study examined the changes that occur in the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of traumatic brain injurypatients over time. METHODS: The records of 269 head traumapatients consecutively admitted to the neurosurgery intensive care unit were examined retrospectively. Eighty-one patients were excluded because of incomplete data. The remaining 188 patients were further divided into an intoxicated group (blood alcohol concentration [BAC] ≥ 0.08%, n = 100 [53%]) and a nonintoxicated group (BAC <0.08%, n = 88 [47%]). The GCS in the prehospital setting, in the emergency department, and the highest GCS achieved during the first 24 hours postinjury were compared. RESULTS: The change between emergency department-GCS and the best day 1 GCS in the intoxicated group was greater than the nonintoxicated group and deemed clinically and statistically significant; median change (3 vs. 0) p < 0.001. To assess whether these results were directly related to the BAC%, piecewise regression using a general linear model was used to assess the intercept and slope of alcohol on the changes of GCS with cutting point at BAC% = 0.08. The analysis showed that, in the nonintoxicated range, the effect of alcohol was not significantly related to the changes of GCS. But in the intoxicated range, BAC% was significantly positively related to the changes of GCS. CONCLUSION: This study concludes that the GCS increases significantly over time in alcohol intoxicated patients with traumatic brain injury.
Authors: Rahul Raj; Markus B Skrifvars; Riku Kivisaari; Juha Hernesniemi; Jaakko Lappalainen; Jari Siironen Journal: J Neurotrauma Date: 2014-11-13 Impact factor: 5.269
Authors: Karen Hughes; Zara Quigg; Mark A Bellis; Ninette van Hasselt; Amador Calafat; Matej Kosir; Montse Juan; Mariangels Duch; Lotte Voorham Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2011-12-12 Impact factor: 3.295
Authors: Rahul Raj; Jari Siironen; Riku Kivisaari; Markku Kuisma; Tuomas Brinck; Jaakko Lappalainen; Markus B Skrifvars Journal: Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med Date: 2013-09-10 Impact factor: 2.953
Authors: Răzvan Ştefan Ţolescu; Marian Valentin Zorilă; Mircea Sebastian Şerbănescu; Kamal Constantin Kamal; George Lucian Zorilă; Ilie Dumitru; Charoula Florou; Laurenţiu Mogoantă; Ion Alexandru Văduva; Liliana Stanca; Roxana Eugenia Zăvoi Journal: Rom J Morphol Embryol Date: 2020 Impact factor: 1.033