Matrix-assisted energy conversion in nanostructured piezoelectric arrays.

We demonstrate an organic/inorganic hybrid energy-harvesting platform, based on nanostructured piezolelectric arrays embedded in an environmental-responsive polymer matrix, which can self-generate electrical power by scavenging energy from the environment. A proof of principle device is designed, fabricated, and tested using vertically aligned ZnO nanowires and heat as the local energy source. The device layout takes advantage of the collective stretching motion of piezoelectric ZnO NWs, induced by the shape-change of the matrix polymer, to convert the thermal energy into direct current with output power densities of ∼20 nW/cm(2) at a heating temperature of ∼65 °C. The responsive nature of polymeric matrices to various stimuli makes this nanostructured piezoelectric architecture a highly versatile approach to scavenging energy from a multitude of environments including fluid-based and chemical-rich systems.