Normative data on the sleep habits of Australian children and adolescents.

STUDY
OBJECTIVE: To provide normative sleep data on 9-18 year old Australians.
DESIGN: Cohort study.
SETTING: Participants' homes. PARTICIPANTS: 4032 Australians aged 9-18 years.
INTERVENTIONS: N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND
RESULTS: Participants completed a 48h use of time recall, comprising sleep data for one complete night. Sleep duration, bedtime and wake time were compared across age groups, between genders, and between school and non-school days using ANOVA. Sleep duration declined with age (P < 0.0001) at the rate of 12 min/night per year of age on school days, and 4 min on non-school days. Girls slept slightly longer than boys (5 min/night; P = 0.03). Non-school day sleep was 16 min longer than school day sleep (P < 0.0001), with the difference increasing with age. Bedtimes got later with age (P < 0.0001), however there were no differences in bedtimes between boys and girls. Bedtimes occurred 34 min later on non-school days (P < 0.0001). Wake times were very similar across age groups on school days, but increased at the rate of 10 min/year of age on non-school days. Wake times were similar for boys and girls, and occurred on average 82 min later on non-school days (P < 0.0001). Overall, 17% of school days and 20% of non-school days failed to meet the American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sleep duration guidelines.
CONCLUSIONS: Normative sleep data will provide a valuable yardstick for health and education professionals when dealing with sleep-related issues.