An update on retinal laser therapy.

Since its discovery in the 1940s, retinal photocoagulation has evolved immensely. Although the first photocoagulators used incandescent light, it was the invention of the laser that instigated the widespread use of photocoagulation for treatment of retinal diseases. Laser permits selection of electromagnetic wavelength, energy levels, spot size and pulse duration. These variables are crucial for accurate targeting of retinal tissue and prevention of detrimental side-effects such as central blind spots. There is ongoing clinical research dedicated to optimising such parameters and many innovative modes of laser delivery are now being offered. Laser photocoagulation is the mainstay of treatment for various retinal and macular diseases. Considering the escalating prevalence of such conditions and widespread use of photocoagulation, it is important for optometrists to grasp the basic principles and be aware of new developments in retinal laser therapy.