A review on viral biosensors to detect human pathogens.

Rapid identification of viruses has important implications for medical healthcare. Current methods for identification and quantification of particular virus are time consuming and often expensive. Therefore, demand for sensitive and accurate viral biosensors with rapid detection systems is increasing. A hand held biosensing device would give fast, reliable results for identifying and quantitating the number of virus particles in a sample. Techniques currently being applied to achieve this aim include electrochemical biosensors, based on amperometric, potentiometric and impedance measurement, optical biosensors using surface plasmon resonance (SPR), optical fibers and piezoelectric biosensors based on microcantilevers. Future research also looks to the use of nanoparticles and novel nanomaterials as alternate recognition surfaces for use in a variety of sensor formats.