PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to investigate whether cell culture medium is a biologically relevant exposure medium that can be employed in non-ionising photobiological investigations. METHODS: The effect of solar-simulated irradiation on cell culture medium and its ability to elicit cell death was studied. The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell secreted factors, and the contribution of individual components of the medium were investigated. RESULTS: Cell death was found to be primarily mediated through the formation of ROS via riboflavin photosensitisation and degradation in the cell culture medium. Phenol red was found to significantly reduce the cell killing ability of riboflavin. Exposures in riboflavin-free medium resulted in significantly increased cell survival compared to identical exposures in riboflavin containing medium. CONCLUSIONS: This study has shown that solar radiation toxicity is augmented by cell culture medium due to the presence of riboflavin. Results suggest that exposures performed in phenol red-free medium may serve to increase phototoxic effects if riboflavin is present. Riboflavin-free media is recommended for solar radiation investigations to eliminate concerns regarding riboflavin photosensitisation and nutrient deprivation.
PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to investigate whether cell culture medium is a biologically relevant exposure medium that can be employed in non-ionising photobiological investigations. METHODS: The effect of solar-simulated irradiation on cell culture medium and its ability to elicit cell death was studied. The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell secreted factors, and the contribution of individual components of the medium were investigated. RESULTS: Cell death was found to be primarily mediated through the formation of ROS via riboflavin photosensitisation and degradation in the cell culture medium. Phenol red was found to significantly reduce the cell killing ability of riboflavin. Exposures in riboflavin-free medium resulted in significantly increased cell survival compared to identical exposures in riboflavin containing medium. CONCLUSIONS: This study has shown that solar radiation toxicity is augmented by cell culture medium due to the presence of riboflavin. Results suggest that exposures performed in phenol red-free medium may serve to increase phototoxic effects if riboflavin is present. Riboflavin-free media is recommended for solar radiation investigations to eliminate concerns regarding riboflavin photosensitisation and nutrient deprivation.
Authors: Daniel Cherfan; E Eri Verter; Samir Melki; Thomas E Gisel; Francis J Doyle; Giuliano Scarcelli; Seok Hyun Yun; Robert W Redmond; Irene E Kochevar Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2013-05-13 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: Lukas Neutsch; Paul Kroll; Matthias Brunner; Alexander Pansy; Michael Kovar; Christoph Herwig; Tobias Klein Journal: J Chem Technol Biotechnol Date: 2018-06-01 Impact factor: 3.174
Authors: Paula Zwicker; Johannes Schleusener; Silke B Lohan; Loris Busch; Claudia Sicher; Sven Einfeldt; Michael Kneissl; Anja A Kühl; Cornelia M Keck; Christian Witzel; Axel Kramer; Martina C Meinke Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2022-02-16 Impact factor: 4.379