Sorption and desorption of pentachlorophenol to black carbon of three different origins.

Rice straw charcoal, soot and fly ash (collectively termed "black carbon" or BC), which were found to widely exist in the environment and exhibit strong sorption of many organic compounds, were prepared for this study, and recorded as RC, SC, and FC, respectively. The characterization, sorption isotherm, and the effect of pH (from 3.0 to 9.0) on sorption capacity of each BC were investigated. It is demonstrated that RC possessed the largest surface area (234.9 m(2)/g), the highest porosity (0.4392 mL/g), and the largest amount of functional groups (2.995 mmol/g) of all. All the Freundlich, Langmuir and Dual-mode model can fit the sorption data of each BC well. The pH value could apparently affect the sorption capacity of pentachlorophenol (PCP) to BCs, which reached maximum value at pH 4.0. Furthermore, in order to validate the effect of pH on desorption capacity, we designed sorption-desorption cycle experiments at pH 9.0 and then pH 7.0, and found that the effect of pH on irreversible sorption and hysteresis effects were significant. As pH value decreasing from 9.0 to 7.0, the irreversible sorption capacities for RC, FC, and SC increased, and the desorption hysteresis index (H) values of PCP increased approximately 3 times for each BC.