INTRODUCTION: Anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis usually develops as a multistage syndrome with a broad differential diagnosis. PATIENTS: We report 2 patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and a clinical picture typical of this disorder but whose initial evaluation suggested other aetiologies. DISCUSSION: The frequent development of this disorder in young individuals presenting with psychiatric manifestations often suggests other diagnostic possibilities, most commonly viral encephalitis, psychiatric disorders, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. In addition, several less clearly defined syndromes or descriptively reported disorders in adult and paediatric patients were likely cases of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-NMDAR encephalitis should be considered in young individuals with subacute presentation of psychiatric symptoms, abnormal movements, and autonomic dysfunction. The clinical and immunological characterization of this disorder has lead to the identification of new antibodies that affect memory, learning, behaviour and psychosis.
INTRODUCTION: Anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis usually develops as a multistage syndrome with a broad differential diagnosis. PATIENTS: We report 2 patients with anti-NMDARencephalitis and a clinical picture typical of this disorder but whose initial evaluation suggested other aetiologies. DISCUSSION: The frequent development of this disorder in young individuals presenting with psychiatric manifestations often suggests other diagnostic possibilities, most commonly viral encephalitis, psychiatric disorders, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. In addition, several less clearly defined syndromes or descriptively reported disorders in adult and paediatric patients were likely cases of anti-NMDARencephalitis. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-NMDARencephalitis should be considered in young individuals with subacute presentation of psychiatric symptoms, abnormal movements, and autonomic dysfunction. The clinical and immunological characterization of this disorder has lead to the identification of new antibodies that affect memory, learning, behaviour and psychosis.
Authors: Ethan G Hughes; Xiaoyu Peng; Amy J Gleichman; Meizan Lai; Lei Zhou; Ryan Tsou; Thomas D Parsons; David R Lynch; Josep Dalmau; Rita J Balice-Gordon Journal: J Neurosci Date: 2010-04-28 Impact factor: 6.167
Authors: Josep Dalmau; Erdem Tüzün; Hai-yan Wu; Jaime Masjuan; Jeffrey E Rossi; Alfredo Voloschin; Joachim M Baehring; Haruo Shimazaki; Reiji Koide; Dale King; Warren Mason; Lauren H Sansing; Marc A Dichter; Myrna R Rosenfeld; David R Lynch Journal: Ann Neurol Date: 2007-01 Impact factor: 10.422
Authors: T Iizuka; F Sakai; T Ide; T Monzen; S Yoshii; M Iigaya; K Suzuki; D R Lynch; N Suzuki; T Hata; J Dalmau Journal: Neurology Date: 2007-09-26 Impact factor: 9.910