Chong'an Xu1, Yan Gao, Lin Li, Lili Xing, Shu Liu. 1. Department of Oncology Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. cmu4h-xca@126.com
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cancer-related anemia is the common complication of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which affects the quality of life (QOL), chemotherapy efficacy and prognosis in patients with NSCLC. In this study, we statistically analysed the incidence of anemia in NSCLC patients before and after chemotherapy and related risk factors, and investigated the impact of anemia on QOL, chemotherapy efficacy and prognosis in patients with NSCLC. METHODS: Clinical data of 140 patients with NSCLC from January 2007 to December 2008 were collected and retrospectively analysed for the changes in hemoglobin levels before and after chemotherapy, the risk factors of anemia, and the relationship with chemotherapy efficacy and prognosis. Application of QOL scale (EORTCQLQ-C30, Chinese version) to evaluate the impact of anemia on QOL in patients with advanced NSCLC. RESULTS: Total 140 cases of NSCLC patients, the incidence of anemia after two cycles of chemotherapy was significantly higher than that before chemotherapy (71.4% vs 47.1%, P < 0.001), and the severity of anemia increased simultaneously with the cycles of chemotherapy. According to univariete and multivariate Logstic regression analysis, age, clinical stage, PS score and albumin levels were closely related to pre-treatment cancerrelated anemia. However, multivariate Logistic regression analysis confirmed that only albumin levels was the risk factors of anemia. QOL scores on physical function, symptoms and overall quality of life were significantly different in anemia and nonanemic patients (P < 0.05). Anemia occurred before and after chemotherapy were significantly lower chemotherapy efficacy in patients with advanced NSCLC. Cancer-related anemia obviously impacted on the prognosis of patients, the median survival of cancer-related anemia patients was significantly shorter than those without anemia (7 months vs 13 months, P < 0.001), and the median survival of cancer-related anemia patients before chemotherapy was significantly longer than those with anemia (7 months vs 11 months, P < 0.001). Cox multivariate regression analysis confirmed that anemia, clinical stage, PS score, albumin level were the independent prognostic factors in advanced NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS: NSCLC patients had a higher incidence of anemia, especially the incidence of chemotherapy-related anemia, age, clinical stage, PS score, albumin levels were the risk factors of pre-treatment cancer-related anemia. NSCLC patients with anemia had lower QOL and chemotherapy efficacy, and shorter lifetime. Anemia was an independent prognostic factor in NSCLC patients.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Cancer-related anemia is the common complication of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which affects the quality of life (QOL), chemotherapy efficacy and prognosis in patients with NSCLC. In this study, we statistically analysed the incidence of anemia in NSCLCpatients before and after chemotherapy and related risk factors, and investigated the impact of anemia on QOL, chemotherapy efficacy and prognosis in patients with NSCLC. METHODS: Clinical data of 140 patients with NSCLC from January 2007 to December 2008 were collected and retrospectively analysed for the changes in hemoglobin levels before and after chemotherapy, the risk factors of anemia, and the relationship with chemotherapy efficacy and prognosis. Application of QOL scale (EORTCQLQ-C30, Chinese version) to evaluate the impact of anemia on QOL in patients with advanced NSCLC. RESULTS: Total 140 cases of NSCLCpatients, the incidence of anemia after two cycles of chemotherapy was significantly higher than that before chemotherapy (71.4% vs 47.1%, P < 0.001), and the severity of anemia increased simultaneously with the cycles of chemotherapy. According to univariete and multivariate Logstic regression analysis, age, clinical stage, PS score and albumin levels were closely related to pre-treatment cancerrelated anemia. However, multivariate Logistic regression analysis confirmed that only albumin levels was the risk factors of anemia. QOL scores on physical function, symptoms and overall quality of life were significantly different in anemia and nonanemic patients (P < 0.05). Anemia occurred before and after chemotherapy were significantly lower chemotherapy efficacy in patients with advanced NSCLC. Cancer-related anemia obviously impacted on the prognosis of patients, the median survival of cancer-related anemiapatients was significantly shorter than those without anemia (7 months vs 13 months, P < 0.001), and the median survival of cancer-related anemiapatients before chemotherapy was significantly longer than those with anemia (7 months vs 11 months, P < 0.001). Cox multivariate regression analysis confirmed that anemia, clinical stage, PS score, albumin level were the independent prognostic factors in advanced NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS:NSCLCpatients had a higher incidence of anemia, especially the incidence of chemotherapy-related anemia, age, clinical stage, PS score, albumin levels were the risk factors of pre-treatment cancer-related anemia. NSCLCpatients with anemia had lower QOL and chemotherapy efficacy, and shorter lifetime. Anemia was an independent prognostic factor in NSCLCpatients.
癌性贫血又称肿瘤相关性贫血是由于恶性肿瘤本身和治疗相关导致的贫血,是恶性肿瘤患者常见的并发症,恶性肿瘤患者癌性贫血发生率高达50%以上[。肺癌是并发癌性贫血较高的恶性肿瘤,约占肺癌80%的非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC),由于症状出现晚且缺乏特异性,故确诊时约80%已为晚期,化疗是其主要治疗手段,化疗虽然可改善NSCLC患者的生活质量,延长其生存期[,但是化疗诱发的化疗相关性贫血却显著降低患者的生活质量(quality of life, QOL),并严重影响患者的治疗效果和预后,甚至危及生命。为探讨NSCLC患者贫血的发生率和危险因素,探究其与NSCLC患者QOL、化疗疗效以及预后的关系,现将我院140例晚期NSCLC患者化疗期间发生贫血的情况报告如下。
资料和方法
病例资料
病例来源
所有病例均来源于2007年1月-2008年12月中国医科大学附属第四医院收治的住院患者。
入组标准
① 能承受至少2周期一线联合化疗,并且经细胞学或组织病理学确诊的初治NSCLC患者,并有客观病灶可作为疗效评价;②不可切除性Ⅲ期-Ⅳ期NSCLC患者;③所有患者化疗前均未接受放射治疗;④体力状态(performance score, PS)评分为0分-2分;⑤化疗前4周内未输血,且血红蛋白≥80 g/L;⑥心、肝、肾功能和骨髓功能正常,没有严重的合并症;⑦预计生存期≥3个月;⑧签署化疗同意书和病情告知书。
排除标准
① 年龄 > 80岁;②脑转移患者;③并发慢性感染或炎症;④合并其他血液病患者(如再生障碍性贫血)。
病例特征
本组140例经病理组织学或细胞学证实NSCLC患者,男97例,女43例,中位年龄63岁(27岁-80岁);腺癌86例,鳞癌54例。按国际抗癌联盟(International Union Against Cancer, UICC)肺癌TNM临床分期标准(1997年)Ⅲb期77例、Ⅳ期63例。发生骨转移34例,肝转移5例。PS评分0分45例,1分75例,2分20例。
本组140例NSCLC患者中,化疗前贫血发生率为47.1%(66/140),化疗2周期后贫血发生率为71.4%(100/140),明显高于化疗前(χ2=17.104, P < 0.001)化疗4周期后贫血发生率为78.6%(110/140),虽然高于化疗2周期,但无统计学意义(P=0.168)。化疗前无贫血的74例患者中,化疗4周期后44例发生贫血,化疗相关性贫血发生率为59.5%。根据化疗前后有无贫血将患者分为3组,A组(化疗前后均无贫血)、B组(化疗前无贫血化疗后有贫血)和C组(化疗前后均有贫血);三组化疗前后Hb水平变化见表 1。
1
化疗对NSCLC患者血红蛋白的影响(g/L, Mean±SD)
The impact of chemotherapy on hemoglobin in NSCLC patients (g/L, Mean±SD)
Group
n
Before chemotherapy
After 2 cycles of chemotherapy
After 4 cycles of chemotherapy
Group A: Before and after chemotherapy without anemia; Group B: Before chemotherapy without anemia and after chemotherapy with anemia; Group C: Before and after chemotherapy with anemia; Δ: The self-comparative between before chemotherapy and after 2 cycles of chemotherapy, P < 0.005; *: The self-comparative between before chemotherapy and after 2 cycles of chemotherapy, P < 0.001; **: The self-comparative between after 2 and 4 cycles of chemotherapy, P < 0.001.
A
30
139.4±10.36
128.4±15.30Δ
120.3±13.02**
B
44
127.8±8.55
92.8±11.69*
86.5±14.71**
C
66
99.4±7.13
84.2±8.79*
79.5±8.97**
化疗对NSCLC患者血红蛋白的影响(g/L, Mean±SD)The impact of chemotherapy on hemoglobin in NSCLCpatients (g/L, Mean±SD)
癌性贫血危险因素的单因素分析Univariate analysis of risk factors for anemia治疗后癌性贫血的单因素分析显示,治疗后NSCLC患者的癌性贫血与临床分期、PS评分、白蛋白水平密切相关,P值分别为0.007、0.012、 < 0.001。但经多因素Logistic回归分析证实,仅白蛋白水平是引发治疗后癌性贫血的危险因素(P=0.001)。
Authors: David G Pfister; David H Johnson; Christopher G Azzoli; William Sause; Thomas J Smith; Sherman Baker; Jemi Olak; Diane Stover; John R Strawn; Andrew T Turrisi; Mark R Somerfield Journal: J Clin Oncol Date: 2003-12-22 Impact factor: 44.544
Authors: Heinz Ludwig; Simon Van Belle; Peter Barrett-Lee; Gunnar Birgegård; Carsten Bokemeyer; Pere Gascón; Paris Kosmidis; Maciej Krzakowski; Johan Nortier; Patrizia Olmi; Maurice Schneider; Dirk Schrijvers Journal: Eur J Cancer Date: 2004-10 Impact factor: 9.162