Anterior urethral strictures: a brief review of the current surgical treatment.

A review of the recent literature on the surgical management of anterior urethral stricture was performed. The literature was searched via PubMed using the search terms 'urethral stricture' and 'urethroplasty' from 1996 to 2009. The management of anterior urethral strictures is changing rapidly in the sense that the reconstructive procedures have evolved greatly. Penile skin, because of its location and because it is hairless, has been popular and used for a long time. Since the early 1990s, buccal mucosa graft (BMG) was introduced in urethral reconstructive surgery and has become the first choice of most practicing urologists. Recently, there has been an increase in the use of lingual mucosa graft with various doctors reporting easy harvesting and lesser morbidity in comparison to BMG. Also, fibrin glue has recently been used to fix the graft with promising results. With the success of tissue-engineered materials that are still in the experimental phase, the urologist would no longer be limited by the quantity of the graft. These substitutes will also boost the appealing scarless endoscopic urethroplasty. This article provides a brief up-to-date review of the main surgical techniques in the management of anterior urethral stricture disease for the contemporary practicing urologists. Present controversies have been given special emphasis. The possible future techniques and the future of the anterior urethral stricture surgery are also discussed in brief.