BACKGROUND & AIMS: The Inhibitory Control Test has been proposed as a tool to detect the persistence of cognitive defects after the resolution of overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE). We tested learning abilities of cirrhotic patients using the Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score (PHES). METHODS: One hundred six cirrhotic patients who agreed to be examined twice within 3 days were studied using the PHES. Twenty-seven patients had previous OHE; of the remaining 79 patients, 34 were affected by minimal HE and 45 were normal. RESULTS: Among patients without previous OHE, PHESs significantly improved at the second examination; this learning effect was present in the patients with or without minimal HE. To the contrary, learning ability was lost in patients with previous OHE. Even among the 8 patients with history of HE and normal PHESs in the first examination, repeated testing showed a lack of learning capacity. CONCLUSIONS: HE is not a fully reversible condition. Residual cognitive impairments should be evaluated by specific tests, based on patients' learning capacities.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The Inhibitory Control Test has been proposed as a tool to detect the persistence of cognitive defects after the resolution of overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE). We tested learning abilities of cirrhotic patients using the Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score (PHES). METHODS: One hundred six cirrhotic patients who agreed to be examined twice within 3 days were studied using the PHES. Twenty-seven patients had previous OHE; of the remaining 79 patients, 34 were affected by minimal HE and 45 were normal. RESULTS: Among patients without previous OHE, PHESs significantly improved at the second examination; this learning effect was present in the patients with or without minimal HE. To the contrary, learning ability was lost in patients with previous OHE. Even among the 8 patients with history of HE and normal PHESs in the first examination, repeated testing showed a lack of learning capacity. CONCLUSIONS:HE is not a fully reversible condition. Residual cognitive impairments should be evaluated by specific tests, based on patients' learning capacities.
Authors: Vishwadeep Ahluwalia; James B Wade; F Gerard Moeller; Melanie B White; Ariel B Unser; Edith A Gavis; Richard K Sterling; R Todd Stravitz; Arun J Sanyal; Mohammad S Siddiqui; Puneet Puri; Velimir Luketic; Douglas M Heuman; Michael Fuchs; Scott Matherly; Jasmohan S Bajaj Journal: Liver Transpl Date: 2015-07-21 Impact factor: 5.799
Authors: Jasmohan S Bajaj; Payam Matin; Melanie B White; Andrew Fagan; Janina Golob Deeb; Chathur Acharya; Swati S Dalmet; Masoumeh Sikaroodi; Patrick M Gillevet; Sinem E Sahingur Journal: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Date: 2018-08-17 Impact factor: 4.052
Authors: Jasmohan S Bajaj; Masoumeh Sikaroodi; Andrew Fagan; Douglas Heuman; HoChong Gilles; Edith A Gavis; Michael Fuchs; Javier Gonzalez-Maeso; Shahzor Nizam; Patrick M Gillevet; James B Wade Journal: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Date: 2019-08-28 Impact factor: 4.052
Authors: Jasmohan S Bajaj; Jason M Ridlon; Phillip B Hylemon; Leroy R Thacker; Douglas M Heuman; Sean Smith; Masoumeh Sikaroodi; Patrick M Gillevet Journal: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Date: 2011-09-22 Impact factor: 4.052
Authors: Jasmohan S Bajaj; Douglas M Heuman; Richard K Sterling; Arun J Sanyal; Muhammad Siddiqui; Scott Matherly; Velimir Luketic; R Todd Stravitz; Michael Fuchs; Leroy R Thacker; HoChong Gilles; Melanie B White; Ariel Unser; James Hovermale; Edith Gavis; Nicole A Noble; James B Wade Journal: Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol Date: 2014-05-17 Impact factor: 11.382
Authors: Jasmohan S Bajaj; Leroy R Thacker; Douglas M Heuman; Michael Fuchs; Richard K Sterling; Arun J Sanyal; Puneet Puri; Mohammad S Siddiqui; Richard T Stravitz; Iliana Bouneva; Velimir Luketic; Nicole Noble; Melanie B White; Pamela Monteith; Ariel Unser; James B Wade Journal: Hepatology Date: 2013-05-23 Impact factor: 17.425