Spontaneous pneumothorax and tuberculosis: long-term follow-up.

Though spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) is a well-known complication of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), there are very few reports addressing this topic. For this reason, we retrospectively analysed the experience of SP in patients diagnosed with TB in our hospital between 1989 and 2010. Out of 872 patients treated for SP during this period, 47 (5.4%) had TB antecedents, 21 with active TB (0.95% of the 2,089 TB cases diagnosed during this period) and 26 with residual inactive TB. 46 cases were treated with pleural drainage (PD): 40 (85%) with only one PD, two with two, and four with three. The mean ± SD length of PD treatment was 12.9 ± 11.3 days. In 11 (23%) cases, a relapse of SP occurred, with no statistical relationship between the different studied variables. In 13 (28%) cases, it became necessary to carry out a resection (atypical segmentectomy in all cases) for persistent air leaks with PD. Survival statistics were unfavourable only in elderly patients and those infected with HIV. We conclude that the treatment of SP secondary to TB with PD is usually a sound response, with a good general prognosis and a low percentage of cases that require another PD and surgical treatment.