BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence implicates T(H)17 cytokines in protection against Candida species infections, but the clinical relevance is not clear. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is a heterogeneous syndrome with the unifying feature of selective susceptibility to chronic candidiasis. Different subgroups with distinct clinical features are recognized, including autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED), CMC with hypothyroidism, and isolated CMC. Understanding immune defects in patients with CMC will define cellular and molecular mechanisms crucial for protection against Candida species in human subjects. OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine whether impaired T(H)17 responses underlie susceptibility to Candida species infections and whether the same defect is present in different CMC subgroups. METHODS: We assessed T(H)17 responses of PBMCs to Candida and non-Candida species stimuli by measuring IL-17, IL-22, IL-21, IL-6, IL-23, and IFN-γ cytokine production using cytokine arrays and intracellular cytokine-producing cell numbers and proliferation with flow cytometry. PBMCs from healthy subjects and unaffected family members served as controls. RESULTS: In patients with CMC with hypothyroidism, T(H)17 cells demonstrated decreased proliferation and IL-17 production in response to Candida species. In contrast, in patients with APECED, T(H)17 cell proliferation and IL-17 production were normal unless exposed to APECED plasma, which inhibited both functions in both APECED and normal PBMCs. Candida species-stimulated IL-22 production was impaired in all patients with CMC, whereas IL-6 and IL-23 responses were unaltered. CONCLUSION: An impaired T(H)17 response to Candida species, although mediated by different mechanisms, was present in all CMC subgroups studied and might be a common factor predisposing to chronic candidiasis.
BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence implicates T(H)17 cytokines in protection against Candida species infections, but the clinical relevance is not clear. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is a heterogeneous syndrome with the unifying feature of selective susceptibility to chronic candidiasis. Different subgroups with distinct clinical features are recognized, including autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED), CMC with hypothyroidism, and isolated CMC. Understanding immune defects in patients with CMC will define cellular and molecular mechanisms crucial for protection against Candida species in human subjects. OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine whether impaired T(H)17 responses underlie susceptibility to Candida species infections and whether the same defect is present in different CMC subgroups. METHODS: We assessed T(H)17 responses of PBMCs to Candida and non-Candida species stimuli by measuring IL-17, IL-22, IL-21, IL-6, IL-23, and IFN-γ cytokine production using cytokine arrays and intracellular cytokine-producing cell numbers and proliferation with flow cytometry. PBMCs from healthy subjects and unaffected family members served as controls. RESULTS: In patients with CMC with hypothyroidism, T(H)17 cells demonstrated decreased proliferation and IL-17 production in response to Candida species. In contrast, in patients with APECED, T(H)17 cell proliferation and IL-17 production were normal unless exposed to APECED plasma, which inhibited both functions in both APECED and normal PBMCs. Candida species-stimulated IL-22 production was impaired in all patients with CMC, whereas IL-6 and IL-23 responses were unaltered. CONCLUSION: An impaired T(H)17 response to Candida species, although mediated by different mechanisms, was present in all CMC subgroups studied and might be a common factor predisposing to chronic candidiasis.
Authors: Theo S Plantinga; Melissa D Johnson; William K Scott; Leo A B Joosten; Jos W M van der Meer; John R Perfect; Bart Jan Kullberg; Mihai G Netea Journal: Med Mycol Date: 2012-06-04 Impact factor: 4.076
Authors: Rudolf Bichele; Jaanika Kärner; Kai Truusalu; Imbi Smidt; Reet Mändar; Heather R Conti; Sarah L Gaffen; Pärt Peterson; Martti Laan; Kai Kisand Journal: Eur J Immunol Date: 2017-12-11 Impact factor: 5.532
Authors: Julie Toubiana; Satoshi Okada; Julia Hiller; Matias Oleastro; Macarena Lagos Gomez; Juan Carlos Aldave Becerra; Marie Ouachée-Chardin; Fanny Fouyssac; Katta Mohan Girisha; Amos Etzioni; Joris Van Montfrans; Yildiz Camcioglu; Leigh Ann Kerns; Bernd Belohradsky; Stéphane Blanche; Aziz Bousfiha; Carlos Rodriguez-Gallego; Isabelle Meyts; Kai Kisand; Janine Reichenbach; Ellen D Renner; Sergio Rosenzweig; Bodo Grimbacher; Frank L van de Veerdonk; Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann; Capucine Picard; Laszlo Marodi; Tomohiro Morio; Masao Kobayashi; Desa Lilic; Joshua D Milner; Steven Holland; Jean-Laurent Casanova; Anne Puel Journal: Blood Date: 2016-04-25 Impact factor: 22.113