BACKGROUND: A thorough characterization of the morphological structure and physical properties is essential for an understanding of human hair. A number of techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy have been used to study hair surfaces. Recently, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has emerged as an ideal method for the non-invasive examination of hair surfaces. PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of aging on normal Korean hair diameter and surface features using AFM. METHODS: We enrolled 60 Korean volunteers of various ages who had no hair diseases. We analyzed hair diameter, AFM images of the hair surface, cuticular descriptors and micro-scale mechanical properties for their associations with aging. RESULTS: Hair diameter was found to increase for the first 20-30 years of life, after which it began to decrease. AFM images of most of the younger subjects showed typical step-like topographic properties with clear scale edges. The AFM images of most of the older subjects revealed dilapidated structures, poorly demarcated scale edges and undulated surfaces. Among the cuticular descriptors, surface roughness increased significantly with age. Force to distance analysis demonstrated a dependence on age. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that aging causes changes in hair diameter and surface structure.
BACKGROUND: A thorough characterization of the morphological structure and physical properties is essential for an understanding of human hair. A number of techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy have been used to study hair surfaces. Recently, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has emerged as an ideal method for the non-invasive examination of hair surfaces. PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of aging on normal Korean hair diameter and surface features using AFM. METHODS: We enrolled 60 Korean volunteers of various ages who had no hair diseases. We analyzed hair diameter, AFM images of the hair surface, cuticular descriptors and micro-scale mechanical properties for their associations with aging. RESULTS: Hair diameter was found to increase for the first 20-30 years of life, after which it began to decrease. AFM images of most of the younger subjects showed typical step-like topographic properties with clear scale edges. The AFM images of most of the older subjects revealed dilapidated structures, poorly demarcated scale edges and undulated surfaces. Among the cuticular descriptors, surface roughness increased significantly with age. Force to distance analysis demonstrated a dependence on age. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that aging causes changes in hair diameter and surface structure.