BACKGROUND: The high incidence of and few identified risk factors for prostate cancer underscore the need to further evaluate markers of prostate carcinogenesis. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate urinary estrogen metabolites as a biomarker of prostate cancer risk. METHODS: Using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method, urinary concentrations of 15 estrogen metabolites were determined in 77 prostate cancer cases, 77 healthy controls, and 37 subjects who had no evidence of prostate cancer after a prostate biopsy. RESULTS: We observed an inverse association between the urinary 16-ketoestradiol (16-KE2) and 17-epiestriol (17-epiE3)--metabolites with high estrogenic activity--and prostate cancer risk. Men in the lowest quartile of 16-KE2, had a 4.6-fold risk of prostate cancer (OR=4.62, 95% CI=1.34-15.99), compared with those in the highest quartile. CONCLUSIONS: We observed modest differences in estrogen metabolite concentrations between prostate cancer patients and subjects without cancer. Larger studies with both androgen and estrogen measurements are needed to confirm these results to clarify further whether estrogen metabolites are independent biomarkers for prostate cancer risk and whether androgen/estrogen imbalance influences prostate cancer risk.
BACKGROUND: The high incidence of and few identified risk factors for prostate cancer underscore the need to further evaluate markers of prostate carcinogenesis. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate urinary estrogen metabolites as a biomarker of prostate cancer risk. METHODS: Using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method, urinary concentrations of 15 estrogen metabolites were determined in 77 prostate cancer cases, 77 healthy controls, and 37 subjects who had no evidence of prostate cancer after a prostate biopsy. RESULTS: We observed an inverse association between the urinary 16-ketoestradiol (16-KE2) and 17-epiestriol (17-epiE3)--metabolites with high estrogenic activity--and prostate cancer risk. Men in the lowest quartile of 16-KE2, had a 4.6-fold risk of prostate cancer (OR=4.62, 95% CI=1.34-15.99), compared with those in the highest quartile. CONCLUSIONS: We observed modest differences in estrogen metabolite concentrations between prostate cancerpatients and subjects without cancer. Larger studies with both androgen and estrogen measurements are needed to confirm these results to clarify further whether estrogen metabolites are independent biomarkers for prostate cancer risk and whether androgen/estrogen imbalance influences prostate cancer risk.
Authors: R G Ziegler; J M Faupel-Badger; L Y Sue; B J Fuhrman; R T Falk; J Boyd-Morin; M K Henderson; R N Hoover; T D Veenstra; L K Keefer; X Xu Journal: J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol Date: 2010-04-09 Impact factor: 4.292
Authors: R Todorovic; P Devanesan; S Higginbotham; J Zhao; M L Gross; E G Rogan; E L Cavalieri Journal: Carcinogenesis Date: 2001-06 Impact factor: 4.944
Authors: L G Horvath; S M Henshall; C S Lee; D R Head; D I Quinn; S Makela; W Delprado; D Golovsky; P C Brenner; G O'Neill; R Kooner; P D Stricker; J J Grygiel; J A Gustafsson; R L Sutherland Journal: Cancer Res Date: 2001-07-15 Impact factor: 12.701
Authors: Paola Muti; Kim Westerlind; Tiejian Wu; Thomas Grimaldi; John De Berry; Holger Schünemann; Jo L Freudenheim; Helyn Hill; Giuseppe Carruba; Leon Bradlow Journal: Cancer Causes Control Date: 2002-12 Impact factor: 2.506
Authors: Ercole L Cavalieri; Prabu Devanesan; Maarten C Bosland; Alaa F Badawi; Eleanor G Rogan Journal: Carcinogenesis Date: 2002-02 Impact factor: 4.944
Authors: Theresa M LaVallee; Xiaoguo H Zhan; Chris J Herbstritt; Emily C Kough; Shawn J Green; Victor S Pribluda Journal: Cancer Res Date: 2002-07-01 Impact factor: 12.701
Authors: Jean-Philippe Emond; Louis Lacombe; Patrick Caron; Véronique Turcotte; David Simonyan; Armen Aprikian; Fred Saad; Michel Carmel; Simone Chevalier; Chantal Guillemette; Eric Lévesque Journal: Br J Cancer Date: 2021-04-07 Impact factor: 7.640
Authors: Evelyn Jiménez-Mendoza; Ruth A Vázquez-Salas; Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutierrez; Luz Myriam Reynales-Shigematsu; Isaac Roberto Labra-Salgado; Hugo A Manzanilla-García; Luisa E Torres-Sánchez Journal: BMC Cancer Date: 2018-02-07 Impact factor: 4.430