Adjuvant Therapy Choices in Patients With Resected Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Correlation of Doctors' Treatment Plans and Relevant Phase III Trial Data.

PURPOSE: To evaluate case-based choices selected from among preselected options for adjuvant therapy management in patients with completely resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
METHODS: In a series of meetings in which US oncologists participated in case-based discussions, market research data were acquired using audience response keypad technology. Participant's anonymous responses to specific case-based questions were recorded electronically and tabulated.
RESULTS: Core behaviors among the majority of physician participants are driven by emerging level 1 evidence. However, a "more aggressive than literature-supported treatment posture" is frequently selected. For the scenario involving a patient with completely resected pT1N0 disease, approximately 60% recommended observation but one third of respondents indicated they would propose three to four cycles of platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Twenty-three percent would recommend adjuvant radiation following adjuvant chemotherapy for a patient with completely resected pT2N1 (stage IIB) disease. In the stage IIB setting, when cisplatin or carboplatin chemotherapy choices were specified, carboplatin-based combinations were selected by 43.6% compared with 30% for cisplatin regimens. Eight respondents (3.5%) favored observation for the stage IIB setting. This is consistent with the preponderance of level 1 evidence for adjuvant management. Carboplatin combinations are also recommended despite the availability of only abstract data and a meeting report for a single phase III trial showing a survival benefit for carboplatin based management in stage IB disease. The use of radiation as an element in adjuvant therapy in the settings assessed in this research is not supported by prospective data.
CONCLUSIONS: Treatment plans that include adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy have been widely adopted by US oncologists for a large fraction of patients with completely resected NSCLC. Recommendations for adjuvant chemotherapy for the patient described here with stage IA disease, or for adjuvant radiation alone or after adjuvant chemotherapy, for the stage IIB disease patient presented are overly aggressive, not evidence based, and carry potential harm. In settings in which level 1 evidence for a survival benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy does exist, some of the specific adjuvant chemotherapy regimens selected, while widely used in NSCLC patients with more advanced disease, have not yet been demonstrated to provide improved disease-free or overall survival as adjuvant treatment. Individualized adjuvant treatment recommendations not specifically grounded in level 1 evidence appear to be widely recommended by US medical oncologists for patients with completely resected NSCLC.