Fluorine-18 radiopharmaceuticals beyond [18F]FDG for use in oncology and neurosciences.

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a rapidly expanding clinical modality worldwide thanks to the availability of compact medical cyclotrons and automated chemistry for the production of radiopharmaceuticals. There is an armamentarium of fluorine-18 ((18)F) tracers that can be used for PET studies in the fields of oncology and neurosciences. However, most of the (18)F-tracers other than 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) are in less than optimum human use and there is considerable scope to bring potentially useful (18)F-tracers to clinical investigation stage. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) convened a consultants' group meeting to review the current status of (18)F-based radiotracers and to suggest means for accelerating their use for diagnostic applications. The consultants reviewed the developments including the synthetic approaches for the preparation of (18)F-tracers for oncology and neurosciences. A selection of three groups of (18)F-tracers that are useful either in oncology or in neurosciences was done based on well-defined criteria such as application, lack of toxicity, availability of precursors and ease of synthesis. Based on the recommendations of the consultants' group meeting, IAEA started a coordinated research project on "Development of (18)F radiopharmaceuticals (beyond [(18)F]FDG) for use in oncology and neurosciences" in which 14 countries are participating in a 3-year collaborative program. The outcomes of the coordinated research project are expected to catalyze the wider application of several more (18)F-radiopharmaceuticals beyond FDG for diagnostic applications in oncology and neurosciences.