BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic inequalities in obesity are consistently observed in high-income countries. The development of such inequalities across childhood; however, has not been studied using longitudinal data. METHODS: Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (participants were born 1991/2 in South-West England), we modelled trajectories of ponderal index (PI) (N=12 246) from birth to 2 years and body mass index (BMI) (N=11 380) from 2 to 10 years. Individual trajectories were estimated using mixed-effects models, and differences in trajectories by socioeconomic position (measured by maternal education) were investigated. RESULTS: There was little socioeconomic patterning of PI from birth to 2 years. Socioeconomic differences in BMI began to emerge by 4 years old, and widened with increasing age. Amongst girls there was a clear gradient across all categories of maternal education by age 8, with daughters of more educated women being less adipose. Amongst boys, sons of degree-educated women had lower BMI but there was little difference between the lower maternal education categories. By 10 years old the mean BMI difference between the highest and lowest maternal education category was 0.38 kg/m(2) for boys and 0.89 kg/m(2) for girls. The results imply that interventions to prevent inequalities in childhood obesity should begin in pre-school years.
BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic inequalities in obesity are consistently observed in high-income countries. The development of such inequalities across childhood; however, has not been studied using longitudinal data. METHODS: Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (participants were born 1991/2 in South-West England), we modelled trajectories of ponderal index (PI) (N=12 246) from birth to 2 years and body mass index (BMI) (N=11 380) from 2 to 10 years. Individual trajectories were estimated using mixed-effects models, and differences in trajectories by socioeconomic position (measured by maternal education) were investigated. RESULTS: There was little socioeconomic patterning of PI from birth to 2 years. Socioeconomic differences in BMI began to emerge by 4 years old, and widened with increasing age. Amongst girls there was a clear gradient across all categories of maternal education by age 8, with daughters of more educated women being less adipose. Amongst boys, sons of degree-educated women had lower BMI but there was little difference between the lower maternal education categories. By 10 years old the mean BMI difference between the highest and lowest maternal education category was 0.38 kg/m(2) for boys and 0.89 kg/m(2) for girls. The results imply that interventions to prevent inequalities in childhood obesity should begin in pre-school years.
Authors: M Hulens; G Beunen; A L Claessens; J Lefevre; M Thomis; R Philippaerts; J Borms; J Vrijens; R Lysens; G Vansant Journal: Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord Date: 2001-03
Authors: Chris J Riddoch; Calum Mattocks; Kevin Deere; Jo Saunders; Jo Kirkby; Kate Tilling; Sam D Leary; Steven N Blair; Andy R Ness Journal: Arch Dis Child Date: 2007-09-13 Impact factor: 3.791
Authors: Alicia Matijasevich; Cesar G Victora; Jean Golding; Fernando C Barros; Ana Maria Menezes; Cora L Araujo; George Davey Smith Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2009-04-15 Impact factor: 3.295
Authors: Andy R Ness; Sam D Leary; Calum Mattocks; Steven N Blair; John J Reilly; Jonathan Wells; Sue Ingle; Kate Tilling; George Davey Smith; Chris Riddoch Journal: PLoS Med Date: 2007-03 Impact factor: 11.069
Authors: Gina M French; Lisa Nicholson; Theresa Skybo; Elizabeth G Klein; Patricia M Schwirian; Lisa Murray-Johnson; Amy Sternstein; Ihuoma Eneli; Beth Boettner; Judith A Groner Journal: Pediatrics Date: 2012-08-13 Impact factor: 7.124
Authors: C S Morgen; L Ängquist; J L Baker; A M N Andersen; K F Michaelsen; T I A Sørensen Journal: Int J Obes (Lond) Date: 2017-09-08 Impact factor: 5.095
Authors: Hedwig Lee; Megan Andrew; Achamyeleh Gebremariam; Julie C Lumeng; Joyce M Lee Journal: Am J Public Health Date: 2014-03-13 Impact factor: 9.308