Sudden death due to adrenal neuroblastoma: child abuse mimic?

Neuroblastoma is one of the most common malignancies in children. It is a tumor that can clinically present with varied symptoms that can mimic other entities, including child abuse. It is important that forensic pathologists are aware of the diseases that can masquerade as child abuse. A case of sudden, unexpected death in a 2-year-old due to previously undiagnosed neuroblastoma is presented. At initial presentation of the child in the emergency department, child abuse was considered as a possible explanation for the sudden demise. Death occurred before a full clinical workup could be completed and an autopsy was performed which unveiled the cause of death.