CuO based inorganic-organic hybrid nanowires: a new type of highly sensitive humidity sensor.

The organic surfactant template method has been widely used for the preparation of CuO nanorods, nanotubes and nanowires. However, the surfactants in this system have no effect on the properties of the final products because they are flushed away. In this work, we used this method to synthesize a novel type of inorganic-organic hybrid nanowire via the hybridization between CuO and amphiphilic oligomer octadecyl, polyethylene glycol di-butenetrioate (O-B-EG-B). Here O-B-EG-B, as a structure director, was not flushed away but remained in the prepared hybrid nanowires because it was bound around CuO or entrapped in interior CuO. The hybrid nanowires showed CuO cores and P(O-B-EG-B) shells when the concentration of O-B-EG-B was 0.4 mg ml(-1), but exhibited P(O-B-EG-B) cores and CuO shells when the concentration of O-B-EG-B was 4.0 mg ml(-1). We found that the hybrid nanowires with P(O-B-EG-B) cores and CuO shells could sense a slight change in the relative humidity (RH) and respond by rapidly changing their conductivity. The resistance changed by about two orders of magnitude within the humidity range from 5% to 83.8%. Moreover, a humidity sensor based on this type of nanowire not only showed long-term stability but also exhibited excellent reversibility to moisture changes in air.