Improved DNA vaccination by skin-targeted delivery using dry-coated densely-packed microprojection arrays.

HSV-2-gD2 DNA vaccine was precisely delivered to immunologically sensitive regions of the skin epithelia using dry-coated microprojection arrays. These arrays delivered a vaccine payload to the epidermis and the upper dermis of mouse skin. Immunomicroscopy results showed that, in 43 ± 5% of microprojection delivery sites, the DNA vaccine was delivered to contact with professional antigen presenting cells in the epidermal layer. Associated with this efficient delivery of the vaccine into the vicinity of the professional antigen presenting cells, we achieved superior antibody responses and statistically equal protection rate against an HSV-2 virus challenge, when compared with the mice immunized with intramuscular injection using needle and syringe, but with less than 1/10th of the delivered antigen.