BACKGROUND: CD44 was found as a surface marker in cancer stem cell (CSC) of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN); however, the immunologic properties of such CSCs have not yet been elucidated. METHODS: The immunologic properties of CD44+ cancer stem-like cells were compared with those of CD44- cells using flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: CD44+ cells exhibited weak HLA-A2 and class II expression. Interestingly, downregulation of transporter antigen processing (TAP)2 was found in CD44+ cells. The CD44+ cell population produced significantly higher levels of interleukin (IL)-8, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β than the CD44- cell population. Moreover, CD44+ cells have been shown to not only more strongly inhibit T-cell proliferation, but also to more efficiently inhibit regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) as compared with CD44- cells. Additionally, CD44+ cells suppressed Th1 responses and enhanced regulatory T cell responses. CONCLUSION: CSCs might have higher malignant potential with numerous escape strategies from immune attack.
BACKGROUND:CD44 was found as a surface marker in cancer stem cell (CSC) of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN); however, the immunologic properties of such CSCs have not yet been elucidated. METHODS: The immunologic properties of CD44+ cancer stem-like cells were compared with those of CD44- cells using flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS:CD44+ cells exhibited weak HLA-A2 and class II expression. Interestingly, downregulation of transporter antigen processing (TAP)2 was found in CD44+ cells. The CD44+ cell population produced significantly higher levels of interleukin (IL)-8, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β than the CD44- cell population. Moreover, CD44+ cells have been shown to not only more strongly inhibit T-cell proliferation, but also to more efficiently inhibit regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) as compared with CD44- cells. Additionally, CD44+ cells suppressed Th1 responses and enhanced regulatory T cell responses. CONCLUSION: CSCs might have higher malignant potential with numerous escape strategies from immune attack.
Authors: M E Prince; R Sivanandan; A Kaczorowski; G T Wolf; M J Kaplan; P Dalerba; I L Weissman; M F Clarke; L E Ailles Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2007-01-08 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Shideng Bao; Qiulian Wu; Roger E McLendon; Yueling Hao; Qing Shi; Anita B Hjelmeland; Mark W Dewhirst; Darell D Bigner; Jeremy N Rich Journal: Nature Date: 2006-10-18 Impact factor: 49.962
Authors: Chenwei Li; David G Heidt; Piero Dalerba; Charles F Burant; Lanjing Zhang; Volkan Adsay; Max Wicha; Michael F Clarke; Diane M Simeone Journal: Cancer Res Date: 2007-02-01 Impact factor: 12.701
Authors: C M Cabrera; A Nieto; J L Cortes; R M Montes; P Catalina; F Cobo; A Barroso-Del-Jesus; A Concha Journal: Cell Biol Int Date: 2007-03-20 Impact factor: 3.612
Authors: Ami N Shah; Justin M Summy; Jing Zhang; Serk In Park; Nila U Parikh; Gary E Gallick Journal: Ann Surg Oncol Date: 2007-10-02 Impact factor: 5.344
Authors: Yu Lei; Yuying Xie; Yee Sun Tan; Mark E Prince; Jeffrey S Moyer; Jacques Nör; Gregory T Wolf Journal: Oral Oncol Date: 2016-08-21 Impact factor: 5.337
Authors: Shannon M Clayton; Joehleen A Archard; Joseph Wagner; D Gregory Farwell; Arnaud F Bewley; Angela Beliveau; Andrew Birkeland; Shyam Rao; Marianne Abouyared; Peter C Belafsky; Johnathon D Anderson Journal: Stem Cells Dev Date: 2020-01-30 Impact factor: 3.272
Authors: Sarah M Russell; Melissa G Lechner; Lucy Gong; Carolina Megiel; Daniel J Liebertz; Rizwan Masood; Adrian J Correa; Jing Han; Raj K Puri; Uttam K Sinha; Alan L Epstein Journal: Oral Oncol Date: 2011-06-29 Impact factor: 5.337
Authors: Yunqin Lee; June Ho Shin; Michelle Longmire; Hua Wang; Holbrook E Kohrt; Howard Y Chang; John B Sunwoo Journal: Clin Cancer Res Date: 2016-02-10 Impact factor: 12.531