PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes the past year's literature regarding the regulation of gastric exocrine and endocrine secretion at the central, peripheral, and cellular levels. RECENT FINDINGS: Gastric acid secretion is an intricate and dynamic process that is regulated by neural (efferent and afferent), hormonal (e.g., gastrin), and paracrine (e.g., histamine, ghrelin, somatostatin) pathways as well as mechanical (e.g., distension) and chemical (e.g., protein, glutamate, coffee, and ethanol) stimuli. Secretion of hydrochloric acid by the parietal cell involves recruitment and fusion of HK-adenosine triphosphatase (HK-ATPase)-containing cytoplasmic tubulovesicles with the apical membrane with subsequent electroneutral transport of hydronium ions in exchange for potassium; the source of the latter is the potassium channel, KCNQ1. Concomitantly, chloride exits via the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator. Inhibition of the HK-ATPase by proton pump inhibitors leads to a compensatory hypergastrinemia which, if prolonged, results in parietal and enterochromaffin-like cell hyperplasia. The clinical consequence is rebound acid secretion which may induce dyspeptic symptoms in healthy individuals and exacerbate reflux symptoms in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. SUMMARY: We continue to make progress in our understanding of the regulation of gastric acid secretion in health and disease. A better understanding of the pathways and mechanisms regulating acid secretion should lead to improved management of patients with acid-induced disorders as well as those who secrete too little acid.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes the past year's literature regarding the regulation of gastric exocrine and endocrine secretion at the central, peripheral, and cellular levels. RECENT FINDINGS: Gastric acid secretion is an intricate and dynamic process that is regulated by neural (efferent and afferent), hormonal (e.g., gastrin), and paracrine (e.g., histamine, ghrelin, somatostatin) pathways as well as mechanical (e.g., distension) and chemical (e.g., protein, glutamate, coffee, and ethanol) stimuli. Secretion of hydrochloric acid by the parietal cell involves recruitment and fusion of HK-adenosine triphosphatase (HK-ATPase)-containing cytoplasmic tubulovesicles with the apical membrane with subsequent electroneutral transport of hydronium ions in exchange for potassium; the source of the latter is the potassium channel, KCNQ1. Concomitantly, chloride exits via the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator. Inhibition of the HK-ATPase by proton pump inhibitors leads to a compensatory hypergastrinemia which, if prolonged, results in parietal and enterochromaffin-like cell hyperplasia. The clinical consequence is rebound acid secretion which may induce dyspeptic symptoms in healthy individuals and exacerbate reflux symptoms in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. SUMMARY: We continue to make progress in our understanding of the regulation of gastric acid secretion in health and disease. A better understanding of the pathways and mechanisms regulating acid secretion should lead to improved management of patients with acid-induced disorders as well as those who secrete too little acid.
Authors: Aiping Du; Kyle W McCracken; Erik R Walp; Natalie A Terry; Thomas J Klein; Annie Han; James M Wells; Catherine Lee May Journal: Dev Biol Date: 2012-02-24 Impact factor: 3.582
Authors: Luisa Mota da Silva; Ligia de Moura Burci; Sandra Crestani; Priscila de Souza; Rita de Cássia Melo Vilhena de Andrade Fonseca da Silva; Nessana Dartora; Lauro Mera de Souza; Thales Ricardo Cipriani; José Eduardo da Silva-Santos; Eunice André; Maria Fernanda de Paula Werner Journal: Inflammopharmacology Date: 2017-07-28 Impact factor: 4.473
Authors: Kathrin Ingrid Liszt; Jakob Peter Ley; Barbara Lieder; Maik Behrens; Verena Stöger; Angelika Reiner; Christina Maria Hochkogler; Elke Köck; Alessandro Marchiori; Joachim Hans; Sabine Widder; Gerhard Krammer; Gareth John Sanger; Mark Manuel Somoza; Wolfgang Meyerhof; Veronika Somoza Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2017-07-10 Impact factor: 11.205