OBJECTIVES: Few studies have examined whether exposure to chlorinated solvents is associated with multiple myeloma. We evaluated associations between multiple myeloma and occupational exposure to six chlorinated solvents: 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene (TCE), methylene chloride (DCM), perchloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride and chloroform. METHODS: In-person interviews obtained occupational histories and information on jobs with likely solvent exposure. We assigned exposure metrics of probability, frequency, intensity and confidence using job-exposure matrices modified by job-specific questionnaire information. We used logistic regression to estimate ORs and 95% CIs for associations between multiple myeloma and ever exposure to each, and any, chlorinated solvent and analysed whether associations varied by duration and cumulative exposure. We also considered all occupations that were given the lowest confidence scores as unexposed and repeated all analyses. RESULTS: Risk of multiple myeloma was elevated for subjects ever exposed to 1,1,1-trichloroethane (OR (95% CI): 1.8 (1.1 to 2.9)). Ever exposure to TCE or DCM also entailed elevated, but not statistically significant, risks of multiple myeloma; these became statistically significant when occupations with low confidence scores were considered unexposed (TCE: 1.7 (1.0 to 2.7); DCM: 2.0 (1.2 to 3.2)). Increasing cumulative exposure to perchloroethylene was also associated with increasing multiple myeloma risk. We observed non-significantly increased multiple myeloma risks with exposure to chloroform; however, few subjects were exposed. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence from this relatively large case-control study suggests that exposures to certain chlorinated solvents may be associated with increased incidence of multiple myeloma; however, the study is limited by relatively low participation (52%) among controls.
OBJECTIVES: Few studies have examined whether exposure to chlorinated solvents is associated with multiple myeloma. We evaluated associations between multiple myeloma and occupational exposure to six chlorinated solvents: 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene (TCE), methylene chloride (DCM), perchloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride and chloroform. METHODS: In-person interviews obtained occupational histories and information on jobs with likely solvent exposure. We assigned exposure metrics of probability, frequency, intensity and confidence using job-exposure matrices modified by job-specific questionnaire information. We used logistic regression to estimate ORs and 95% CIs for associations between multiple myeloma and ever exposure to each, and any, chlorinated solvent and analysed whether associations varied by duration and cumulative exposure. We also considered all occupations that were given the lowest confidence scores as unexposed and repeated all analyses. RESULTS: Risk of multiple myeloma was elevated for subjects ever exposed to 1,1,1-trichloroethane (OR (95% CI): 1.8 (1.1 to 2.9)). Ever exposure to TCE or DCM also entailed elevated, but not statistically significant, risks of multiple myeloma; these became statistically significant when occupations with low confidence scores were considered unexposed (TCE: 1.7 (1.0 to 2.7); DCM: 2.0 (1.2 to 3.2)). Increasing cumulative exposure to perchloroethylene was also associated with increasing multiple myeloma risk. We observed non-significantly increased multiple myeloma risks with exposure to chloroform; however, few subjects were exposed. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence from this relatively large case-control study suggests that exposures to certain chlorinated solvents may be associated with increased incidence of multiple myeloma; however, the study is limited by relatively low participation (52%) among controls.
Authors: Samuel M Goldman; Patricia J Quinlan; G Webster Ross; Connie Marras; Cheryl Meng; Grace S Bhudhikanok; Kathleen Comyns; Monica Korell; Anabel R Chade; Meike Kasten; Benjamin Priestley; Kelvin L Chou; Hubert H Fernandez; Franca Cambi; J William Langston; Caroline M Tanner Journal: Ann Neurol Date: 2011-11-14 Impact factor: 10.422
Authors: Anjoeka Pronk; Patricia A Stewart; Joseph B Coble; Hormuzd A Katki; David C Wheeler; Joanne S Colt; Dalsu Baris; Molly Schwenn; Margaret R Karagas; Alison Johnson; Richard Waddell; Castine Verrill; Sai Cherala; Debra T Silverman; Melissa C Friesen Journal: Occup Environ Med Date: 2012-07-27 Impact factor: 4.402
Authors: Anneclaire J De Roos; John Spinelli; Elizabeth B Brown; Djordje Atanackovic; Dalsu Baris; Leslie Bernstein; Parveen Bhatti; Nicola J Camp; Brian C Chiu; Jacqueline Clavel; Wendy Cozen; Silvia De Sanjosé; James A Dosman; Jonathan N Hofmann; John R McLaughlin; Lucia Miligi; Alain Monnereau; Laurent Orsi; Mark P Purdue; Leah H Schinasi; Guido J Tricot; Sophia S Wang; Yawei Zhang; Brenda M Birmann; Pierluigi Cocco Journal: Occup Environ Med Date: 2018-08-18 Impact factor: 4.948
Authors: Ann Aschengrau; Michael R Winter; Veronica M Vieira; Thomas F Webster; Patricia A Janulewicz; Lisa G Gallagher; Janice Weinberg; David M Ozonoff Journal: Environ Health Date: 2015-04-12 Impact factor: 5.984
Authors: Paul M Schlosser; Ambuja S Bale; Catherine F Gibbons; Amina Wilkins; Glinda S Cooper Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2014-10-17 Impact factor: 9.031
Authors: Kathryn Z Guyton; Karen A Hogan; Cheryl Siegel Scott; Glinda S Cooper; Ambuja S Bale; Leonid Kopylev; Stanley Barone; Susan L Makris; Barbara Glenn; Ravi P Subramaniam; Maureen R Gwinn; Rebecca C Dzubow; Weihsueh A Chiu Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2014-02-14 Impact factor: 9.031