Pelvic reorientation osteotomies and acetabuloplasties in children. Surgical technique.

The objectives of pelvic osteotomies are to improve femoral head coverage and coxofemoral joint stability. The most currently used osteotomies can be divided into reorientation osteotomies (Salter and Pol le Cœur triple osteotomy) and acetabuloplasties (Pemberton and Dega). All these osteotomies share an identical installation on the table and bikini-type incision. The Salter osteotomy uses a single osteotomy line located at the inferior gluteal line. The Pol Le Cœur triple pelvic osteotomy combines innominate osteotomies of the iliopubic and ischiopubic rami via a genitofemoral approach (inguinal). In these two reorientation osteotomies, the acetabulum tilts in retroversion, improving the anterior and lateral coverage but reducing the posterior coverage. In the Pemberton acetabuloplasty, the osteotomy line is incomplete. It begins anteriorly between the iliac spines and ends posteriorly immediately above the triradiate cartilage. The posterior part of the ilium remains intact. The Pemberton acetabuloplasty causes retroversion and plicature of the acetabulum responsible for reducing its diameter. Anterior and lateral coverage of the femoral head is improved and posterior coverage remains unchanged. In the Dega acetabuloplasty, the osteotomy line is incomplete. It begins laterally above the acetabulum and terminates just above the triradiate cartilage. The medial part of the ilium remains intact. The Dega acetabuloplasty reduces the diameter of the acetabulum and improves overall femoral head coverage (anterior, lateral, and posterior).