Perforator flaps in the upper extremity.

Perforator flaps are frequently used for defect coverage for the whole body. There are strong indications for the use of perforator flaps in the upper extremity. This article demonstrates the possibilities for defect coverage with perforator flaps as well as their anatomic and technical considerations. Lateral arm, posterior interosseous artery, ulnar artery, radial artery perforator flaps, and intrinsic hand flaps are described.