Manganese effects in the liver following subacute or subchronic manganese chloride exposure in rats.

Manganese (Mn) toxicity is most often found in mining and welding industry workers. Accumulation of manganese in the brain can result in a syndrome similar to that of Parkinson's disease. Observations on former Mn-alloy workers suggested that residual effects could last for years after exposure. The objective of this study was to assess effects of Mn in the liver of rats following subacute or subchronic exposure and after recovery. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to manganese chloride (MnCl(2)) for 30 days, 90 days, or for 90 days followed by a 30-day post-exposure recovery period. Results showed that MnCl(2) exposure resulted in liver injury in rats and the extent of injury correlated positively with exposure time. The effect in mitochondria was stronger than in the membrane or nucleus. Most of the changes in these biomarkers recovered when manganese exposure ceased.