AIM: to report the prevalence, clinical associations, and trends over time of oromotor dysfunction and communication impairments in children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHOD: multiple sources of ascertainment were used and children followed up with a standardized assessment including motor speech problems, swallowing/chewing difficulties, excessive drooling, and communication impairments at age 5 years. RESULTS: a total of 1357 children born between 1980 and 2001 were studied (781 males, 576 females; median age 5y 11mo, interquartile range 3-9y; unilateral spastic CP, n=447; bilateral spastic CP, n=496; other, n=112; Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] level: I, 181; II, 563; III, 123; IV, 82; IV, 276). Of those with 'early-onset' CP (n=1268), 36% had motor speech problems, 21% had swallowing/chewing difficulties, 22% had excessive drooling, and 42% had communication impairments (excluding articulation defects). All impairments were significantly related to poorer gross motor function and intellectual impairment. In addition, motor speech problems were related to clinical subtype; swallowing/chewing problems and communication impairments to early mortality; and communication impairments to the presence of seizures. Of those with CP in GMFCS levels IV to V, a significant proportion showed a decline in the rate of motor speech impairment (p=0.008) and excessive drooling (p=0.009) over time. INTERPRETATION: these impairments are common in children with CP and are associated with poorer gross motor function and intellectual impairment.
AIM: to report the prevalence, clinical associations, and trends over time of oromotor dysfunction and communication impairments in children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHOD: multiple sources of ascertainment were used and children followed up with a standardized assessment including motor speech problems, swallowing/chewing difficulties, excessive drooling, and communication impairments at age 5 years. RESULTS: a total of 1357 children born between 1980 and 2001 were studied (781 males, 576 females; median age 5y 11mo, interquartile range 3-9y; unilateral spastic CP, n=447; bilateral spastic CP, n=496; other, n=112; Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] level: I, 181; II, 563; III, 123; IV, 82; IV, 276). Of those with 'early-onset' CP (n=1268), 36% had motor speech problems, 21% had swallowing/chewing difficulties, 22% had excessive drooling, and 42% had communication impairments (excluding articulation defects). All impairments were significantly related to poorer gross motor function and intellectual impairment. In addition, motor speech problems were related to clinical subtype; swallowing/chewing problems and communication impairments to early mortality; and communication impairments to the presence of seizures. Of those with CP in GMFCS levels IV to V, a significant proportion showed a decline in the rate of motor speech impairment (p=0.008) and excessive drooling (p=0.009) over time. INTERPRETATION: these impairments are common in children with CP and are associated with poorer gross motor function and intellectual impairment.
Authors: Jane E Huggins; Christoph Guger; Erik Aarnoutse; Brendan Allison; Charles W Anderson; Steven Bedrick; Walter Besio; Ricardo Chavarriaga; Jennifer L Collinger; An H Do; Christian Herff; Matthias Hohmann; Michelle Kinsella; Kyuhwa Lee; Fabien Lotte; Gernot Müller-Putz; Anton Nijholt; Elmar Pels; Betts Peters; Felix Putze; Rüdiger Rupp; Gerwin Schalk; Stephanie Scott; Michael Tangermann; Paul Tubig; Thorsten Zander Journal: Brain Comput Interfaces (Abingdon) Date: 2019-12-10
Authors: Avinash Mishra; Georgia A Malandraki; Justine J Sheppard; Andrew M Gordon; Erika S Levy; Michelle S Troche Journal: Dysphagia Date: 2018-08-07 Impact factor: 3.438