Dale R Gardner1, Daniel Cook. 1. USDA, ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, Utah, USA. dale.gardner@ars.usda.gov
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Swainsonine, a polyhydroxy indolizidine alkaloid and known glycosidase inhibitor, is found in a number of different plants that cause a lysosomal storage disease known as locoism in the western USA. Most recently swainsonine has been analysed by LC-MS/MS after sample extraction and preparation from ion-exchange resins. OBJECTIVE: To compare previously published sample preparation procedures with several new alternative procedures to provide methods using either commercially available solid-phase extraction equipment or procedures which significantly reduce sample preparation time. METHODOLOGY: A previously reported and validated sample preparation method using ion-exchange resin was compared with methods using a commercially available solid-phase extraction cartridge, a solvent partitioning procedure or a single solvent extraction procedure using one of two solvents. Twenty different plant samples of varying swainsonine concentrations were prepared in triplicate and analysed by LC-MS/MS. The measured concentration of swainsonine was then statistically compared between methods. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences found between four of the five different sample preparation methods tested. CONCLUSION: A commercially available SPE cartridge can be used to replace the previously used ion-exchange resin for swainsonine analysis. For very rapid analyses the SPE procedure can be eliminated and a simple, single solvent extraction step used for sample preparation.
INTRODUCTION:Swainsonine, a polyhydroxy indolizidine alkaloid and known glycosidase inhibitor, is found in a number of different plants that cause a lysosomal storage disease known as locoism in the western USA. Most recently swainsonine has been analysed by LC-MS/MS after sample extraction and preparation from ion-exchange resins. OBJECTIVE: To compare previously published sample preparation procedures with several new alternative procedures to provide methods using either commercially available solid-phase extraction equipment or procedures which significantly reduce sample preparation time. METHODOLOGY: A previously reported and validated sample preparation method using ion-exchange resin was compared with methods using a commercially available solid-phase extraction cartridge, a solvent partitioning procedure or a single solvent extraction procedure using one of two solvents. Twenty different plant samples of varying swainsonine concentrations were prepared in triplicate and analysed by LC-MS/MS. The measured concentration of swainsonine was then statistically compared between methods. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences found between four of the five different sample preparation methods tested. CONCLUSION: A commercially available SPE cartridge can be used to replace the previously used ion-exchange resin for swainsonine analysis. For very rapid analyses the SPE procedure can be eliminated and a simple, single solvent extraction step used for sample preparation.
Authors: Daniel Cook; Lei Shi; Dale R Gardner; James A Pfister; Daniel Grum; Kevin D Welch; Michael H Ralphs Journal: J Chem Ecol Date: 2012-01-27 Impact factor: 2.626
Authors: Daniel Cook; Dale R Gardner; James A Pfister; Clinton A Stonecipher; Joseph G Robins; Jack A Morgan Journal: J Chem Ecol Date: 2017-02-11 Impact factor: 2.626
Authors: Daniel Cook; Stephen T Lee; Daniel G Panaccione; Caroline E Leadmon; Keith Clay; Dale R Gardner Journal: Biochem Syst Ecol Date: 2019-07-16 Impact factor: 1.381