BACKGROUND: Strong heat load has negative impacts on the human health and results in higher mortality during heat waves. In Europe, the summer 2003 was responsible for a high number of heat-related deaths, especially in Western Europe. Vienna was only partially affected. The aim of this study is to compare the heat-related mortality of 2003 with other years and to analyze whether 2003 was exceptional in Vienna. METHODS: The analysis is based on both meteorological and mortality data for the federal state of Vienna (Austria) for 1970-2007. We used the human-biometeorological index Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) in order to assess the heat load affecting the human body, and considered short-term adaptation by the HeRATE approach. Each day between April and October was classified according to its thermal stress level and the mean mortality for each class was analyzed. Two approaches, with and without long-term sensitivity trends were considered. RESULTS: Mortality increases significantly with thermal stress, but this increase attenuated in the last decades. Based on the sensitivity for the period of investigation, 2003 was the year with the highest heat-related mortality. Including the long-term sensitivity trend, other years (1992, 1994 and 2000) were characterised by higher values. DISCUSSION: In the last decades the number of days with heat stress increased, but the sensitivity to heat stress decreased. This could indicate long-term adaptation processes. Hence, heat-related mortality in 2003 was high, but not exceptionally high.
BACKGROUND: Strong heat load has negative impacts on the human health and results in higher mortality during heat waves. In Europe, the summer 2003 was responsible for a high number of heat-related deaths, especially in Western Europe. Vienna was only partially affected. The aim of this study is to compare the heat-related mortality of 2003 with other years and to analyze whether 2003 was exceptional in Vienna. METHODS: The analysis is based on both meteorological and mortality data for the federal state of Vienna (Austria) for 1970-2007. We used the human-biometeorological index Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) in order to assess the heat load affecting the human body, and considered short-term adaptation by the HeRATE approach. Each day between April and October was classified according to its thermal stress level and the mean mortality for each class was analyzed. Two approaches, with and without long-term sensitivity trends were considered. RESULTS: Mortality increases significantly with thermal stress, but this increase attenuated in the last decades. Based on the sensitivity for the period of investigation, 2003 was the year with the highest heat-related mortality. Including the long-term sensitivity trend, other years (1992, 1994 and 2000) were characterised by higher values. DISCUSSION: In the last decades the number of days with heat stress increased, but the sensitivity to heat stress decreased. This could indicate long-term adaptation processes. Hence, heat-related mortality in 2003 was high, but not exceptionally high.
Authors: Christoph Schär; Pier Luigi Vidale; Daniel Lüthi; Christoph Frei; Christian Häberli; Mark A Liniger; Christof Appenzeller Journal: Nature Date: 2004-01-11 Impact factor: 49.962
Authors: J Díaz; R García-Herrera; R M Trigo; C Linares; M A Valente; J M De Miguel; E Hernández Journal: Int J Biometeorol Date: 2005-10-19 Impact factor: 3.787
Authors: Hans-Peter Hutter; Hanns Moshammer; Peter Wallner; Barbara Leitner; Michael Kundi Journal: Wien Klin Wochenschr Date: 2007 Impact factor: 1.704