OBJECTIVE: To clarify the association of serum calcium level with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and diabetes in middle-aged and elderly Korean subjects. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional survey of 1329 participants aged over 40 years (median age 65.8) in a rural area of Chungju, Korea, in 2007. MEASUREMENTS: Serum level of albumin, calcium, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and intact parathyroid hormone were measured in a central laboratory. RESULTS: The prevalence of MetS increased progressively with elevated serum albumin-corrected calcium levels (P<0.001 for trend). After adjusting for various covariates, subjects in the highest quintile group (2.45-2.99 mmol/L) compared with the lowest quintile group (2.05-2.24 mmol/L) of serum calcium levels had an odds ratio (OR) for having MetS of 3.11 (95% confidence intervals, CI, 1.95-4.97; P for trend<0.001). Excluding the subjects with hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia (n=1064) did not alter this significant association. After multiple adjustment, subjects with serum calcium levels in the fourth to fifth quintiles had a 2.0- to 3.0-fold increased OR of having diabetes (first quintile reference, fourth quintiles OR 2.38; 95% CI 1.32-4.28, fifth quintiles OR 3.32; 95% CI 1.87-5.88; P for trend<0.001).The associations of serum calcium levels with the incidences of MetS or diabetes were unchanged after adjustment for 25(OH)D and PTH levels. CONCLUSIONS: Altered calcium homeostasis was associated with an increased risk of having MetS and diabetes in this demographic group.
OBJECTIVE: To clarify the association of serum calcium level with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and diabetes in middle-aged and elderly Korean subjects. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional survey of 1329 participants aged over 40 years (median age 65.8) in a rural area of Chungju, Korea, in 2007. MEASUREMENTS: Serum level of albumin, calcium, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and intact parathyroid hormone were measured in a central laboratory. RESULTS: The prevalence of MetS increased progressively with elevated serum albumin-corrected calcium levels (P<0.001 for trend). After adjusting for various covariates, subjects in the highest quintile group (2.45-2.99 mmol/L) compared with the lowest quintile group (2.05-2.24 mmol/L) of serum calcium levels had an odds ratio (OR) for having MetS of 3.11 (95% confidence intervals, CI, 1.95-4.97; P for trend<0.001). Excluding the subjects with hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia (n=1064) did not alter this significant association. After multiple adjustment, subjects with serum calcium levels in the fourth to fifth quintiles had a 2.0- to 3.0-fold increased OR of having diabetes (first quintile reference, fourth quintiles OR 2.38; 95% CI 1.32-4.28, fifth quintiles OR 3.32; 95% CI 1.87-5.88; P for trend<0.001).The associations of serum calcium levels with the incidences of MetS or diabetes were unchanged after adjustment for 25(OH)D and PTH levels. CONCLUSIONS: Altered calcium homeostasis was associated with an increased risk of having MetS and diabetes in this demographic group.
Authors: C W Sing; V K F Cheng; D K C Ho; A W C Kung; B M Y Cheung; I C K Wong; K C B Tan; J Salas-Salvadó; N Becerra-Tomas; C L Cheung Journal: Osteoporos Int Date: 2015-12-11 Impact factor: 4.507
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