Lignocaine versus bupivacaine for flank anaesthesia using multiport catheters via a caudal epidural approach in cattle.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the anaesthetic and systemic effects of dorsolumbar epidural anaesthesia using non-stylet multiport catheters via the caudal approach to administer hypertonic 5% lignocaine (HL) or hypertonic 0.5% bupivacaine (HB) to the flank in standing cattle.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six healthy adult cattle weighing 310-455 kg received 0.2 mg/kg HL or 0.025 mg/kg of HB; control animals received 0.9% saline solution. All drugs were injected into the dorsolumbar epidural space via a caudal approach through a non-stylet multiport catheter. Each animal received each treatment at random. Evaluations of anaesthesia, ataxia, heart rate, arterial pressures, respiratory rate and rectal temperature were obtained at 0 (basal), 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 min after epidural injection and then at 30-min intervals until loss of anaesthesia. All animals received a standard noxious stimulus and a 4-point scale was used to score the response. A second scale was used to score ataxia.
RESULTS: The duration of anaesthesia in the upper and lower flanks in cattle was 68 +/- 12 and 110 +/- 15 min (mean +/- SD) after dorsolumbar epidural HL or HB, respectively. Both hypertonic local anaesthetics produced a mild ataxia. The systemic changes were within acceptable limits in these clinically healthy cattle.
CONCLUSION: In standing cattle the dorsolumbar epidural injection of hypertonic lignocaine provided faster onset of anaesthesia and fewer cardiovascular effects, but had a shorter duration of anaesthesia than hypertonic bupivacaine.