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Literature DB >> 20711337

Blood Brain Barrier: The Role of GAD Antibodies in Psychiatry.

Atmaram Yarlagadda¹, Badalin Helvink, Caroline Chou, Anita H Clayton.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Goal of our case control study was to establish the presence of antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in patients with chronic psychotic disorders.
METHODS: Serum levels of GAD antibodies in 12 patients with chronic psychotic disorders (schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders) and 10 age-matched healthy control subjects were evaluated utilizing enzyme linked immunosorbitent assay (ELISA).
RESULTS: Antibodies to GAD in patients with chronic psychotic disorders have a higher mean than nonpatient control individuals.
CONCLUSION: Our findings provide the first in-vivo evidence of positive GAD antibodies in chronic psychotic disorders and potentially may be used as a screening for these disorders.

Entities: Disease Gene Species

Keywords: GAD antibodies, schizophrenia; blood brain barrier; diabetes mellitus (DM); glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD); screening tests

Year: 2007 PMID： 20711337 PMCID： PMC2921245

Source DB: PubMed Journal: Psychiatry (Edgmont) ISSN： 1550-5952

8 in total

1. Role of calcium regulation in pathophysiology model of schizophrenia and possible interventions.

Authors: A Yarlagadda
Journal: Med Hypotheses Date: 2002-02 Impact factor: 1.538

2. Serum antibodies in epilepsy and seizure-associated disorders.

Authors: K McKnight; Y Jiang; Y Hart; A Cavey; S Wroe; M Blank; Y Shoenfeld; A Vincent; J Palace; B Lang
Journal: Neurology Date: 2005-12-13 Impact factor: 9.910

Review 3. The stiff-person syndrome: an autoimmune disorder affecting neurotransmission of gamma-aminobutyric acid.

Authors: L M Levy; M C Dalakas; M K Floeter
Journal: Ann Intern Med Date: 1999-10-05 Impact factor: 25.391

4. Acute onset of type I diabetes mellitus after severe echovirus 9 infection: putative pathogenic pathways.

Authors: G R Vreugdenhil; N C Schloot; A Hoorens; C Rongen; D G Pipeleers; W J Melchers; B O Roep; J M Galama
Journal: Clin Infect Dis Date: 2000-10-25 Impact factor: 9.079

5. Gene expression deficits in a subclass of GABA neurons in the prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia.

Authors: Takanori Hashimoto; David W Volk; Stephen M Eggan; Karoly Mirnics; Joseph N Pierri; Zhuoxin Sun; Allan R Sampson; David A Lewis
Journal: J Neurosci Date: 2003-07-16 Impact factor: 6.167

Review 6. GABA, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, and neurological disease.

Authors: C Guin Ting Wong; Teodoro Bottiglieri; O Carter Snead
Journal: Ann Neurol Date: 2003 Impact factor: 10.422

7. Enterovirus infections with beta-cell tropic strains are frequent in siblings of children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes children and in association with elevated levels of GAD65 antibodies.

Authors: Gun Frisk; Torsten Tuvemo
Journal: J Med Virol Date: 2004-07 Impact factor: 2.327

Review 8. GAD(67): the link between the GABA-deficit hypothesis and the dopaminergic- and glutamatergic theories of psychosis.

Authors: H O Kalkman; E Loetscher
Journal: J Neural Transm (Vienna) Date: 2003-07 Impact factor: 3.575

8 in total

6 in total

Blood Brain Barrier: The Role of GAD Antibodies in Psychiatry.

1. Role of calcium regulation in pathophysiology model of schizophrenia and possible interventions.

2. Serum antibodies in epilepsy and seizure-associated disorders.

Review 3. The stiff-person syndrome: an autoimmune disorder affecting neurotransmission of gamma-aminobutyric acid.

4. Acute onset of type I diabetes mellitus after severe echovirus 9 infection: putative pathogenic pathways.

5. Gene expression deficits in a subclass of GABA neurons in the prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia.

Review 6. GABA, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, and neurological disease.

7. Enterovirus infections with beta-cell tropic strains are frequent in siblings of children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes children and in association with elevated levels of GAD65 antibodies.

Review 8. GAD(67): the link between the GABA-deficit hypothesis and the dopaminergic- and glutamatergic theories of psychosis.

1. Blood brain barrier: the role of pyridoxine.

2. The blood brain barrier and the role of ratiometric molecular analysis in schizophrenia.

3. GAD65 antibodies, chronic psychosis, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

4. Respective implications of glutamate decarboxylase antibodies in stiff person syndrome and cerebellar ataxia.

Review 5. Functional and Structural Changes of the Blood-Nerve-Barrier in Diabetic Neuropathy.

Review 6. The epidemiologic evidence linking autoimmune diseases and psychosis.