Localization of hyaluronate in primary glial cell cultures derived from newborn rat brain.

We have devised a technique that enables one to localize hyaluronate in cultured cells. Cells were probed with the glial hyaluronate binding protein (GHAP) which was itself then visualized by conventional indirect immunofluorescence. The hyaluronate binding properties of this protein have been established. This technique was applied to the study of hyaluronate synthesis in glial cells. These cells do not themselves produce GHAP. O-2A progenitor cells were obtained from the cerebral hemispheres of newborn rats. These cells are bipotential in that they are able to differentiate into either oligodendrocytes or type 2 astrocytes depending on the composition of the culture medium. In cultures of O-2A progenitor cells maintained in the absence of serum, in which large numbers of oligodendrocytes appeared, very little hyaluronate was produced. The galC+ cells were invariably hyaluronate negative. Cultures of the same cells, maintained in the presence of 10% FCS, contained large numbers of hyaluronate producing cells. The hyaluronate producing cells were typically small, process-bearing, and GFAP+. Some, but not all, were A2B5+ and could, therefore, be identified as type 2 (GFAP+, A2B5+) astrocytes. Type 1 (GFAP+, A2B5-) astrocytes were also active in the synthesis of hyaluronate, to the extent that they were able to coat their substrate with hyaluronate. Among cells of the O-2A lineage, then, hyaluronate production would appear to be restricted to astrocytes. This may have some bearing on the origin of hyaluronate in the extracellular matrix of CNS white matter.