Phytotoxicity of sulfamethazine soil pollutant to six legume plant species.

The effect of traces of sulfamethazine (SMZ) in soil (0.01, 0.1, 0.25, 1, 5, 15, and 20 mM) on cellular distribution of cytochrome c oxidase activity, shoot and root growth, and leachate electroconductivity was analyzed in germinating seeds of yellow lupin, pea, lentil, soybean, adzuki bean, and alfalfa. Results showed that a high activity of cytochrome c oxidase in mitochondria correlated with high seed vigor and viability. The appearance of necroses and root decay was associated with a decrease in the activity of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase but was accompanied by an increase in cytosolic cytochrome c oxidase activity. A short exposure period of seeds (3 and 6 d) to sulfamethazine did not influence germination. Elongation of roots and stems was more sensitive than germination rate as an indicator of soil contamination by sulfamethazine. Among all tested leguminous plants, yellow lupin was the most reliable bioindicator of SMZ contaminated soil.