Literature DB >> 20704819

[Association of XAGE-1 gene expression with clinical characteristics of lung cancer].

Qun Lai1, Litang Zhang, Yan Sun.   

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND
OBJECTIVE: XAGE-1 is a cancer-testis (CT) antigen which was demonstrated to be expressed at a significant frequency and to be immunogenic in some tumors. The aim of this study is to explore the association between XAGE-1 gene expression and the clinical characteristics of lung cancer.
METHODS: Tumor tissue and adjacent lung tissue samples from 85 patients were screened for expression of the four XAGE-1 transcript variants by nest PCR. The correlations between XAGE-1b gene expression and several clinical characteristics were analyzed.
RESULTS: 32.94% (28/85) of lung cancer samples were positive for XAGE-1 gene. 59.46% (22/37) of the adencarcinoma samples and 21.74% (5/23) of the squamous cell carcinoma samples were positive for one of the four XAGE-1 transcript variants. The frequent of XAGE-1b gene in adencarcinoma was much higher than that in squamous cell carcinoma. There were not any important correlation between XAGE-1b gene expression and clinical characteristics, such as gender, age and clinical stage.
CONCLUSION: XAGE-1 gene is highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma and XAGE-1 may be a promising immunotherapeutic target for lung cancer.

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Year:  2010        PMID: 20704819      PMCID: PMC6000549          DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2010.08.07

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi        ISSN: 1009-3419


CT抗原(cancer-testis antigen)是一类在除睾丸、胎盘等以外的正常组织中几乎不表达的抗原,但可在多种肿瘤组织中表达,目前包括MAGE、BAGE、GAGE、NYESO-1、SSX等44种家族成员的CT抗原被发现[。通过RTPCR及免疫组化方法在肺癌、肝癌、卵巢肿瘤及前列腺癌等多种肿瘤中均表达CT抗原,同时研究[证实CT抗原可在肿瘤患者体内诱导特异性的细胞免疫及体液免疫应答。XAGE-1是1999年通过生物信息学技术发现的一种新的CT抗原,属于GAGE/PAGE家族,XAGE-1基因定位于Xp11.21-Xp11.22,包括XAGE-1aXAGE-1bXAGE-1cXAGE-1d四种剪切体,利用RT-PCR及Northern blot发现XAGE-1基因在Ewing’s肉瘤、恶性黑色素瘤、前列腺癌、肝癌等多种肿瘤中表达[。本实验研究XAGE-1四种不同剪接体在肺癌组织中表达情况并分析其与临床特点的关系,为XAGE-1作为肺癌免疫治疗靶点提供理论依据。

材料与方法

研究对象

随机选取2008年1月-2009年3月在我院胸外科住院手术患者85例(男性60例、女性25例,平均年龄56.5岁); 腺癌37例,鳞癌23例,大细胞癌15例,小细胞肺癌10例,所有病例均经过病理证实,患者签署知情同意书。手术过程中,肺叶或全肺切除后,立即切取肿瘤组织及距肿瘤组织 > 5 cm的癌旁组织各3块,每块约0.5 g,置入无菌、去RNA酶的冻存管,立即投入液氮中,后转入-80 ℃冰箱保存。

方法

组织细胞RNA提取

取约0.2 g肺癌组织及癌旁组织于液氮中研磨,加入Trizol试剂,提取总RNA,Trizol试剂购自美国Invitrogen公司,严格按照试剂说明书进行提取。所得RNA用DEPC处理过的水溶解,-80 ℃保存备用。取少量RNA在紫外分光光度计260 nm和280 nm下确认浓度和纯度。

肺癌细胞系A549培养与RNA提取

用含10%小牛血清的RPMI-1640培养A549细胞,收集总数为5×106个细胞利用Trizol试剂进行RNA提取,DEPC处理过的水溶解后-80 ℃保存备用。

巢式PCR

采用cDNA第一链合成试剂盒进行合成,该试剂盒购自加拿大Fermentas公司,严格按照试剂说明书进行操作,所得cDNA在-20 ℃保存。根据文献[的方法略有改动进行巢式PCR扩增,在50 μL PCR反应体系中包括0.4 μmol/L引物、1.5 mmol/L MgCl2、200 mmol/L dNTP及2.5 U GoldTaq酶,第一轮PCR模板为4.0 μL cDNA,选用外侧引物进行扩增,反应条件如下:95 ℃预变性5 min,94 ℃、30 s,60 ℃、45 s,72 ℃、60 s,35个循环,72 ℃延伸7 min; 从第一轮PCR产物中取出1.0 μL作为第二轮PCR模板,反应条件为:95 ℃预变性5 min,94 ℃、30 s,58 ℃、30 s,72 ℃、30 s,30个循环,72 ℃延伸7 min; 同时以GAPDH(PCR产物为138 bp)为内参考基因同时进行扩增,PCR产物以2%琼脂糖凝胶进行电泳观察结果。

PCR产物测序分析

每个阳性条带所对应的PCR产物进行测序,测序得到的序列利用BLAST程序在GenBank上进行序列分析。

统计学分析

采用SPSS 10.0统计软件对数据进行统计分析,利用Fisher’s精确概率法及Pearson’s chi square检验进行XAGE-1b基因表达与临床及病理特点相关性分析,以P < 0.05为有统计学差异。

结果

XAGE-1基因在肺癌组织中表达情况

收集85例肺癌组织和癌旁组织,提取RNA后利用巢式PCR检测XAGE-1四种不同剪接体基因的表达情况,结果发现部分肺癌组织表达XAGE-1bXAGE-1d基因,而不表达XAGE-1aXAGE-1c基因,A549细胞系表达XAGE-1b基因(图 1),PCR产物经测序后与GenBank进行序列比对后证实为目的基因,癌旁组织中均不表达XAGE-1基因。在各种类型肺癌中,59.46%(22/37)的腺癌组织表达XAGE-1基因(XAGE-1a 0/37; XAGE-1b 17/37; XAGE-1c 0/37; XAGE-1d 6/37),其中1例腺癌组织同时表达XAGE-1bXAGE-1d基因。21.74%(5/23)鳞癌组织表达XAGE-1基因(XAGE-1a 0/23; XAGE-1b 4/23; XAGE-1c 0/23; XAGE-1d 1/23),15例大细胞癌组织中仅检测到2例癌组织表达XAGE-1b基因,而10例小细胞癌组织中均未检测到XAGE-1基因表达。
1

XAGE-1基因在肺癌组织及癌旁组织中的表达。1:10 0 bp DNAladder; 2:A549细胞系; 3:癌旁组织; 4、5:腺癌组织; 6、7:鳞癌组织; 8:大细胞肺癌组织; 9:小细胞肺癌组织。XAGE-1b、XAGE-1d和GAPDH的PCR产物大小分别为252 bp、169 bp和138 bp。

Expression of XAGE-1 gene in lung tumor tissues and adjacent tissues. 1: 100 bp DNA ladder; 2: A549 cell line; 3: tumor adjacent tissue; 4, 5: adencarcinoma; 6, 7: squamous cell carcinoma; 8: large cell lung cancer; 9: small cell lung cancer. The sizes of PCR products are 252 bp, 169 bp and 138 bp for XAGE-1b, XAGE-1d and GAPDH, respectively.

XAGE-1基因在肺癌组织及癌旁组织中的表达。1:10 0 bp DNAladder; 2:A549细胞系; 3:癌旁组织; 4、5:腺癌组织; 6、7:鳞癌组织; 8:大细胞肺癌组织; 9:小细胞肺癌组织。XAGE-1bXAGE-1dGAPDH的PCR产物大小分别为252 bp、169 bp和138 bp。 Expression of XAGE-1 gene in lung tumor tissues and adjacent tissues. 1: 100 bp DNA ladder; 2: A549 cell line; 3: tumor adjacent tissue; 4, 5: adencarcinoma; 6, 7: squamous cell carcinoma; 8: large cell lung cancer; 9: small cell lung cancer. The sizes of PCR products are 252 bp, 169 bp and 138 bp for XAGE-1b, XAGE-1d and GAPDH, respectively.

XAGE-1b基因表达与腺癌、鳞癌临床特点的关系

目前研究认为XAGE-1b具有较高的免疫原性和较高的表达率,我们分析了37例腺癌与23例鳞癌组织标本XAGE-1b基因的表达与性别、年龄、病理类型及临床分期的关系(表 1)。统计结果表明XAGE-1b基因的表达与肺癌病理类型有相关性(P < 0.05),腺癌阳性表达率明显高于鳞癌,而与肺癌的性别、年龄及临床分期无相关性(P > 0.05)。由于对病例生存期随访时间较短,故有待于对病例进行继续随访,以便分析XAGE-1b基因的表达与患者生存期之间的关系。
1

XAGE-1b基因表达与腺癌、鳞癌患者临床特点的关系

The correlation between XAGE-1b gene expression and several clinical characteristics of adencarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma

XAGE-1b (+)XAGE-1b (-)TotalP
Gender0.559 9
 Male162642
 Female51318
Age (year)0.573 3
 ≥60152439
  < 6061521
Histology0.0289
 Adencarcinoma172037
 Squamous cell carcinoma41923
Clinical stage0.1659
 Ⅰ51722
 Ⅱ-Ⅲ162238
XAGE-1b基因表达与腺癌、鳞癌患者临床特点的关系 The correlation between XAGE-1b gene expression and several clinical characteristics of adencarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma

讨论

肺癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其中非小细胞肺癌占70%-80%,目前手术及化疗效果特别是晚期患者效果不佳,免疫治疗是一种新的治疗方法,而免疫治疗的基础就是必须寻找特异性表达的肿瘤抗原。研究证实CT抗原具有较高的免疫原性,可以诱发机体的肿瘤特异性的细胞免疫和/或体液免疫杀伤肿瘤细胞,同时CT抗原仅在睾丸、胎盘等正常组织中表达,但在多种肿瘤组织中高表达,具有较高的肿瘤特异性,因此,CT抗原是肿瘤免疫治疗特别是肿瘤疫苗治疗的理想靶抗原,以NY-ESO-1、MAGE-A、SSX抗原为基础的肿瘤疫苗已进入临床试验阶段[。研究[发现在非小细胞肺癌组织中也表达MAGE-1、MAGE-2、MAGE-3、MAGE-12、NY-ESO-1等多种CT抗原。 XAGE-1是一种在多种肿瘤组织中表达的CT抗原,通过RT-PCR及Northern blot研究发现XAGE-1b基因在PC3(前列腺细胞系)、MDA-MB-231(肺癌细胞系)、OVCAR(卵巢细胞系)、FEM-X(黑色素瘤细胞系)、HUT102(T细胞淋巴瘤细胞系)、U937(组织细胞性淋巴瘤细胞系)、A-172(神经胶质细胞瘤细胞系)均有表达,同时有临床研究发现XAGE-1b基因在Ewing’s肉瘤、恶性黑色素瘤、前列腺癌、肝癌等多种肿瘤组织中表达,在前列腺癌和黑色素瘤的研究中还发现XAGE-1b基因表达与肿瘤的临床分期有关[。本研究采用巢式PCR技术检测XAGE-1四种不同剪接体在肺癌中表达情况,结果显示32.94%(28/85)肺癌患者癌组织阳性表达XAGE-1基因,其中27.06%(23/85)肺癌患者癌组织阳性表达XAGE-1b基因,与国外报道的30.61%(15/49)肺癌患者癌组织阳性表达XAGE-1b基因略有差异,本研究还检测了肺癌组织中XAGE-1d基因表达情况,研究发现8.24%(7/85)患者癌组织阳性表达XAGE-1d基因,低于Nakagawa等[报道的表达阳性率(12.24%, 6/49),可能与病例数及病理类型组成不同有关。本研究证实XAGE-1b具有较强的免疫原性和较高的表达率,本实验重点分析了XAGE-1b基因的表达与临床特点的关系,结果发现XAGE-1b基因的表达与肺癌病理类型有相关性(P < 0.05),腺癌阳性表达明显高于鳞癌,与肺癌的性别、年龄及临床分期无相关性(P > 0.05),提示在肺腺癌中可以优先选择该基因作为瘤苗及免疫治疗靶点。Shimono等[鉴定出HLA-DRB10410限制的XAGE-1b37-48多肽可以产生XAGE-1b特异性的CD4+T细胞,Kikuchi等[已经报道患者在手术后XAGE-1b可以诱导CD8+T细胞抗微小残留病变从而延长患者的存活时间,从而进一步为XAGE-1作为肿瘤治疗的靶点提供了理论基础。 综上所述,本实验研究发现XAGE-1基因在部分肺癌组织阳性表达,XAGE-1b基因表达与肺癌病理类型有关。但目前XAGE-1在肿瘤细胞中发挥的生物学功能仍然未知,下一步应进一步对XAGE-1在肿瘤发生发展中的生物学作用进行深入研究,以便为XAGE-1作为免疫治疗靶点提供理论依据。
  10 in total

1.  The XAGE family of cancer/testis-associated genes: alignment and expression profile in normal tissues, melanoma lesions and Ewing's sarcoma.

Authors:  Albert J W Zendman; Annemieke A Van Kraats; Ulrich H Weidle; Dirk J Ruiter; Goos N P Van Muijen
Journal:  Int J Cancer       Date:  2002-05-20       Impact factor: 7.396

2.  Characterization of overlapping XAGE-1 transcripts encoding a cancer testis antigen expressed in lung, breast, and other types of cancers.

Authors:  Kristi A Egland; Vasantha Kumar; Paul Duray; Ira Pastan
Journal:  Mol Cancer Ther       Date:  2002-05       Impact factor: 6.261

3.  Tumor regressions observed in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with an antigenic peptide encoded by gene MAGE-3 and presented by HLA-A1.

Authors:  M Marchand; N van Baren; P Weynants; V Brichard; B Dréno; M H Tessier; E Rankin; G Parmiani; F Arienti; Y Humblet; A Bourlond; R Vanwijck; D Liénard; M Beauduin; P Y Dietrich; V Russo; J Kerger; G Masucci; E Jäger; J De Greve; J Atzpodien; F Brasseur; P G Coulie; P van der Bruggen; T Boon
Journal:  Int J Cancer       Date:  1999-01-18       Impact factor: 7.396

4.  Identification of DR9-restricted XAGE antigen on lung adenocarcinoma recognized by autologous CD4 T-cells.

Authors:  Michihide Shimono; Akiko Uenaka; Yuji Noguchi; Shuichiro Sato; Hideo Okumura; Kazuhiko Nakagawa; Katsuyuki Kiura; Mitsune Tanimoto; Eiichi Nakayama
Journal:  Int J Oncol       Date:  2007-04       Impact factor: 5.650

Review 5.  Cancer/testis antigens, gametogenesis and cancer.

Authors:  Andrew J G Simpson; Otavia L Caballero; Achim Jungbluth; Yao-Tseng Chen; Lloyd J Old
Journal:  Nat Rev Cancer       Date:  2005-08       Impact factor: 60.716

6.  Expression of cancer/testis (CT) antigens in lung cancer.

Authors:  Kouhei Tajima; Yuichi Obata; Hiromi Tamaki; Masahiro Yoshida; Yao-Tseng Chen; Matthew J Scanlan; Lloyd J Old; Hiroyuki Kuwano; Takashi Takahashi; Toshitada Takahashi; Tetsuya Mitsudomi
Journal:  Lung Cancer       Date:  2003-10       Impact factor: 5.705

7.  XAGE-1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer and antibody response in patients.

Authors:  Kazuhiko Nakagawa; Yuji Noguchi; Akiko Uenaka; Shuichiro Sato; Hideo Okumura; Motoyuki Tanaka; Michihide Shimono; Ali Mohamed Ali Eldib; Toshiro Ono; Nobuya Ohara; Tadashi Yoshino; Kazuki Yamashita; Tsukasa Tsunoda; Motoi Aoe; Nobuyoshi Shimizu; Eiichi Nakayama
Journal:  Clin Cancer Res       Date:  2005-08-01       Impact factor: 12.531

8.  HLA-DRB1*0410-restricted recognition of XAGE-1b37-48 peptide by CD4 T cells.

Authors:  Yoshiyuki Morishita; Akiko Uenaka; Savas Kaya; Shuichiro Sato; Toshiki Aji; Eiichi Nakayama
Journal:  Microbiol Immunol       Date:  2007       Impact factor: 1.955

9.  LUD 00-009: phase 1 study of intensive course immunization with NY-ESO-1 peptides in HLA-A2 positive patients with NY-ESO-1-expressing cancer.

Authors:  Armin Bender; Julia Karbach; Antje Neumann; Dirk Jäger; Salah E Al-Batran; Akin Atmaca; Eckhart Weidmann; Melina Biskamp; Sacha Gnjatic; Linda Pan; Eric Hoffman; Lloyd J Old; Alexander Knuth; Elke Jäger
Journal:  Cancer Immun       Date:  2007-10-19

10.  Vaccination with an NY-ESO-1 peptide of HLA class I/II specificities induces integrated humoral and T cell responses in ovarian cancer.

Authors:  Kunle Odunsi; Feng Qian; Junko Matsuzaki; Paulette Mhawech-Fauceglia; Christopher Andrews; Eric W Hoffman; Linda Pan; Gerd Ritter; Jeannine Villella; Bridget Thomas; Kerry Rodabaugh; Shashikant Lele; Protul Shrikant; Lloyd J Old; Sacha Gnjatic
Journal:  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A       Date:  2007-07-25       Impact factor: 11.205

  10 in total

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