Clinical implication of gastrointestinal bleeding in degenerative aortic stenosis: an update.

Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding due to colonic angiodysplasias can be associated with calcifying aortic stenosis (AS). GI angiodysplasias and AS are defined as chronic degenerative disorders, and the prevalence of both diseases increases with age. Moreover, degenerative AS is associated with increased destruction of high molecular weight multimers of von Willebrand factor which can promote bleeding from intestinal angiodysplasias. The coincidence of gastrointestinal bleeding angiodysplasias and AS has been known for many years as Heyde's syndrome. Aortic valve replacement is the first line therapy for advanced stage AS-patients, but can also be an effective treatment for co-existent bleeding angiodysplasias and acquired von Willebrand disease. In this study, we tried to collect as well as systemized data about the etiopathogenesis of AS coagulation abnormalities and diagnostic, clinical and therapeutic implications of AS-patient with GI angiodysplasias.