INTRODUCTION: Evaluation of Leishmania drug susceptibility depends on in vitro Sb(V) susceptibility assays, which are labour-intensive and may give a biased view of the true parasite resistance. Molecular markers are urgently needed to improve and simplify the monitoring of Sb(V)-resistance. We analysed here the gene expression profile of 21 L. braziliensis clinical isolates in vitro defined as Sb(V)-resistant and -sensitive, in order to identify potential resistance markers. METHODS: The differential expression of 13 genes involved in Sb(V) metabolism, oxidative stress or housekeeping functions was analysed during in vitro promastigote growth. RESULTS: Expression profiles were up-regulated for 5 genes only, each time affecting a different set of isolates (mosaic picture of gene expression). Two genes, ODC (ornithine decarboxylase) and TRYR (trypanothione reductase), showed a significantly higher expression rate in the group of Sb(V)-resistant compared to the group of Sb(V)-sensitive parasites (P<0.01). However, analysis of individual isolates showed both markers to explain only partially the drug resistance. DISCUSSION: Our results might be explained by (i) the occurrence of a pleiotropic molecular mechanism leading to the in vitro Sb(V) resistance and/or (ii) the existence of different epi-phenotypes not revealed by the in vitro Sb(V) susceptibility assays, but interfering with the gene expression patterns.
INTRODUCTION: Evaluation of Leishmania drug susceptibility depends on in vitro Sb(V) susceptibility assays, which are labour-intensive and may give a biased view of the true parasite resistance. Molecular markers are urgently needed to improve and simplify the monitoring of Sb(V)-resistance. We analysed here the gene expression profile of 21 L. braziliensis clinical isolates in vitro defined as Sb(V)-resistant and -sensitive, in order to identify potential resistance markers. METHODS: The differential expression of 13 genes involved in Sb(V) metabolism, oxidative stress or housekeeping functions was analysed during in vitro promastigote growth. RESULTS: Expression profiles were up-regulated for 5 genes only, each time affecting a different set of isolates (mosaic picture of gene expression). Two genes, ODC (ornithine decarboxylase) and TRYR (trypanothione reductase), showed a significantly higher expression rate in the group of Sb(V)-resistant compared to the group of Sb(V)-sensitive parasites (P<0.01). However, analysis of individual isolates showed both markers to explain only partially the drug resistance. DISCUSSION: Our results might be explained by (i) the occurrence of a pleiotropic molecular mechanism leading to the in vitro Sb(V) resistance and/or (ii) the existence of different epi-phenotypes not revealed by the in vitro Sb(V) susceptibility assays, but interfering with the gene expression patterns.
Authors: Tim Downing; Hideo Imamura; Saskia Decuypere; Taane G Clark; Graham H Coombs; James A Cotton; James D Hilley; Simonne de Doncker; Ilse Maes; Jeremy C Mottram; Mike A Quail; Suman Rijal; Mandy Sanders; Gabriele Schönian; Olivia Stark; Shyam Sundar; Manu Vanaerschot; Christiane Hertz-Fowler; Jean-Claude Dujardin; Matthew Berriman Journal: Genome Res Date: 2011-10-28 Impact factor: 9.043