BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: It has been reported that defective expression of TGFBR3 was found in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate expression of TGFBR3 in NSCLC cell lines and normal human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEpiC), and to explore potential molecular mechanisms underlying inactivation of TGFBR3 gene. METHODS: Western blot was performed to determine the expression of TGFBR3 in HBEpiC and NSCLC cell lines. Automatic image analysis was carried out to estimate relative expression of TGFBR3 protein. We screened for mutation of the promoter region of TGFBR3 gene using DNA direct sequencing. Bisulfite-sodium modification sequencing was used to detect the methylation status of TGFBR3 promoter. RESULTS: TGFBR3 protein level was abnormally reduced in NSCLC cell lines as compared with HBEpiC. There was significant difference in TGFBR3 expression between the highly metastatic cell line 95D and non-metastatic cell lines, including LTEP-alpha-2, A549 and NCI-H460. No mutation and methylation was found in upstream sites -165 to -75 of the proximal promoter of TGFBR3 in HBEpiC and NSCLC cell lines. Hypermethylation was shown in upstream sites -314 to -199 of the distal promoter of TGFBR3 in HBEpiC and NSCLC cell lines. CONCLUSION: Reduced expression of TGFBR3 was observed in NSCLC cell lines, especially in 95D, suggesting that TGFBR3 might play an important role in development and progression of NSCLC and correlate with NSCLC invasion and migration. The methylation event occurring at TGFBR3 promoter is not a major cause for reduction of TGFBR3 expression.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: It has been reported that defective expression of TGFBR3 was found in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate expression of TGFBR3 in NSCLC cell lines and normal human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEpiC), and to explore potential molecular mechanisms underlying inactivation of TGFBR3 gene. METHODS: Western blot was performed to determine the expression of TGFBR3 in HBEpiC and NSCLC cell lines. Automatic image analysis was carried out to estimate relative expression of TGFBR3 protein. We screened for mutation of the promoter region of TGFBR3 gene using DNA direct sequencing. Bisulfite-sodium modification sequencing was used to detect the methylation status of TGFBR3 promoter. RESULTS:TGFBR3 protein level was abnormally reduced in NSCLC cell lines as compared with HBEpiC. There was significant difference in TGFBR3 expression between the highly metastatic cell line 95D and non-metastatic cell lines, including LTEP-alpha-2, A549 and NCI-H460. No mutation and methylation was found in upstream sites -165 to -75 of the proximal promoter of TGFBR3 in HBEpiC and NSCLC cell lines. Hypermethylation was shown in upstream sites -314 to -199 of the distal promoter of TGFBR3 in HBEpiC and NSCLC cell lines. CONCLUSION: Reduced expression of TGFBR3 was observed in NSCLC cell lines, especially in 95D, suggesting that TGFBR3 might play an important role in development and progression of NSCLC and correlate with NSCLC invasion and migration. The methylation event occurring at TGFBR3 promoter is not a major cause for reduction of TGFBR3 expression.
Western blot检测TGFBR3在NSCLC细胞及HBEpiC细胞中的表达情况。β-actin为内参照(A),及蛋白表达的相对定量结果(B)。
Expression levels of TGFBR3 were measured by Western blot in NSCLC cell lines and HBEpiC. A, β-actin used as an internal control; B, relative estimate for expression of TGFBR3.
2
TGFBR 3蛋白与β-actin在HBEpiC和6株NSCLC细胞株中的表达(Mean±SD)
Expression levels of TGFBR3 and β-actin in HBEpiC and 6 NSCLC cell lines (Mean±SD)
Cell line
TGFBR3
β-actin
TGFBR3/β-actin
P*
P**
P*: Difference in expression levels of TGFBR3 between HBEpiC and 6 NSCLC cell lines;P**: Difference in expression levels of TGFBR3 between 95D and other NSCLC cell lines.
HBEpiC
127 757±6 670.91
263 272±832.46
0.48±0.02
--
< 0.001
SPC-A-1
42 377±5 521.98
368 743±3 590.93
0.11±0.02
< 0.001
1.00
LTEP-a-2
46 114±4 192.44
297 570±7 590.36
0.15±0.02
< 0.001
0.003
A549
41 051±2 902.01
290 789±3 317.54
0.14±0.01
< 0.001
0.017
NCI-H460
50 342±2 467.13
347 059±5 846.35
0.14±0.01
< 0.001
0.11
SK-MES-1
41 951±5 904.08
380 219±9 731.41
0.11±0.02
< 0.001
1.00
95D
37 538±3 812.74
442 607±11 509.24
0.08±0.01
< 0.001
--
Western blot检测TGFBR3在NSCLC细胞及HBEpiC细胞中的表达情况。β-actin为内参照(A),及蛋白表达的相对定量结果(B)。Expression levels of TGFBR3 were measured by Western blot in NSCLC cell lines and HBEpiC. A, β-actin used as an internal control; B, relative estimate for expression of TGFBR3.TGFBR 3蛋白与β-actin在HBEpiC和6株NSCLC细胞株中的表达(Mean±SD)Expression levels of TGFBR3 and β-actin in HBEpiC and 6 NSCLC cell lines (Mean±SD)
Schematic representative for BSP sequencing for the proximal promoter region from site -314 to -199 of TGFBR3 gene. Blue arrow, methylated CpG sites.
TGFBR3基因proximal promoter近转录起始位点处(-165到-75)CpG岛。TSS:转录起始位点。A scheme of CpG islands covering the upstream sites from -165 to -75 of TGFBR3 gene proximal promoter. TSS: transcription start site.TGFBR3基因distal promoter区近转录起始位点处(-314到-199)CpG岛。TSS:代表转录起始位点。A scheme of CpG islands covering the upstream sites -314 to -199 of TGFBR3 gene distal promoter. TSS: transcription start site.TGFBR3基因proximal promoter近转录起始位点处(-165到-75)BSP测序结果。红色箭头代表未甲基化CpG位点。Schematic representative of BSP sequencing for the proximal promoter region from site -165 to -75 of TGFBR3 gene. Red arrow, unmethylated CpG sites.TGFBR3基因distal promoter区近转录起始位点处(-314到-199)BSP测序结果。蓝色箭头代表CpG甲基化位点。Schematic representative for BSP sequencing for the proximal promoter region from site -314 to -199 of TGFBR3 gene. Blue arrow, methylated CpG sites.
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