Environmental vanadium distribution, mobility and bioaccumulation in different land-use districts in Panzhihua Region, SW China.

In order to characterize environmental vanadium distribution, mobility, and bioaccumulation, a total of 55 soil samples and 36 plant samples were collected in four typical land-use districts in Panzhihua region, Southwestern China. Soil samples were analyzed with the modified Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure, and the content of vanadium in soil and plant was determined by ICP-AES. The total content of vanadium was 208.1-938.4 mg kg(-1) in smelting area, 111.6-591.2 mg kg(-1) in mining area, 94.0-183.6 mg kg(-1) in urban park, and 71.7-227.2 mg kg(-1) in agricultural area, respectively, while the bio-available content of vanadium was characterized that the polluted areas (mining area 18.8-83.6 mg kg(-1), smelting area 41.7-132.1 mg kg(-1)) and the unpolluted area (agricultural area 9.8-26.4 mg kg(-1), urban park 9.9-25.2 mg kg(-1)). In addition, the contamination degree of vanadium in soil was smelting area > mining area > agricultural area ≈ urban park. Moreover, the fraction of vanadium in each sequential extraction characterized that residual fraction > oxidizable fraction > reducible fraction > acid soluble fraction. The bioaccumulation of vanadium from soil to plant was weak to intermediate absorption. Therefore, some countermeasures such as soil monitoring and remediation should be to take in the sooner future, especially in mining and smelting area.