Interventional neuroangiography in neonates.

Two neonates with either vein of Calen aneurysmal malformation or dural sinus malformation (congenital dural arteriovenous fistula at the torcular herophili) are reported. In neonatal interventional neuroangiography, special attention should be paid to body temperature, contrast material, infusion fluid, heparin, and angio-equipment. In the neonatal period, the umbilical approach provides unique access routes to both arterial and venous sides of the cerebral circulation. Among them, transumbilical venous, transcardiac approach through the foramen ovale allows transarterial intervention from the venous side.