CONTEXT: Insulin resistance is a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes in Pima Indians, a population with the highest prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the world. Their Mexican counterpart, living a traditional lifestyle in the mountains of Sonora, have at least 5 times less diabetes than the U.S. Pima Indians. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated whether Mexican Pima Indians had lower insulin resistance than U.S. Pima Indians. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: We compared fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in 194 Mexican Pima Indians (100 females, 94 males) and 449 U.S. Pima Indians (246 females, 203 males) with normal glucose tolerance from a cross-sectional study. Adjusted differences of log-transformed outcomes (fasting insulin and HOMA-IR) between groups were evaluated using multiple linear regression models and paired t test in a matched subset. RESULTS: Unadjusted fasting insulin and HOMA-IR were much lower in the Mexican Pima Indians than in their U.S. counterparts. After adjusting by obesity, age, and sex, mean (95% confidence interval) for fasting insulin was 6.22 (5.34-7.24) vs. 13.56 μU/ml (12.27-14.97) and for HOMA-IR 1.40 (1.20-1.64) vs. 3.07 (2.77-3.40), respectively, for Mexican Pima and U.S. Pima Indians. Results were confirmed in subset matched for age, sex, and body fat. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that Mexican Pima Indians have lower insulin resistance in comparison with their genetically related U.S. counterparts, even after controlling for differences in obesity, age, and sex. This finding underscores the importance of lifestyle factors as protecting factors against insulin resistance in individuals with a high propensity to develop diabetes.
CONTEXT: Insulin resistance is a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes in Pima Indians, a population with the highest prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the world. Their Mexican counterpart, living a traditional lifestyle in the mountains of Sonora, have at least 5 times less diabetes than the U.S. Pima Indians. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated whether Mexican Pima Indians had lower insulin resistance than U.S. Pima Indians. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: We compared fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in 194 Mexican Pima Indians (100 females, 94 males) and 449 U.S. Pima Indians (246 females, 203 males) with normal glucose tolerance from a cross-sectional study. Adjusted differences of log-transformed outcomes (fasting insulin and HOMA-IR) between groups were evaluated using multiple linear regression models and paired t test in a matched subset. RESULTS: Unadjusted fasting insulin and HOMA-IR were much lower in the Mexican Pima Indians than in their U.S. counterparts. After adjusting by obesity, age, and sex, mean (95% confidence interval) for fasting insulin was 6.22 (5.34-7.24) vs. 13.56 μU/ml (12.27-14.97) and for HOMA-IR 1.40 (1.20-1.64) vs. 3.07 (2.77-3.40), respectively, for Mexican Pima and U.S. Pima Indians. Results were confirmed in subset matched for age, sex, and body fat. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that Mexican Pima Indians have lower insulin resistance in comparison with their genetically related U.S. counterparts, even after controlling for differences in obesity, age, and sex. This finding underscores the importance of lifestyle factors as protecting factors against insulin resistance in individuals with a high propensity to develop diabetes.
Authors: A M Kriska; M A Pereira; R L Hanson; M P de Courten; P Z Zimmet; K G Alberti; P Chitson; P H Bennett; K M Narayan; W C Knowler Journal: Diabetes Care Date: 2001-07 Impact factor: 19.112
Authors: Rene Urquidez-Romero; Julian Esparza-Romero; Lisa S Chaudhari; R Cruz Begay; Mario Giraldo; Eric Ravussin; William C Knowler; Robert L Hanson; Peter H Bennett; Leslie O Schulz; Mauro E Valencia Journal: Am J Health Behav Date: 2014-05
Authors: Oscar H Del Brutto; Chuanhui Dong; Tatjana Rundek; Mitchell S V Elkind; Victor J Del Brutto; Ralph L Sacco Journal: J Community Health Date: 2013-08
Authors: Carlos A Celis-Morales; Francisco Perez-Bravo; Luis Ibañes; Ruth Sanzana; Edison Hormazabal; Natalia Ulloa; Carlos Calvo; Mark E S Bailey; Jason M R Gill Journal: PLoS One Date: 2011-09-08 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: María Claudia Espinel-Bermúdez; José Antonio Robles-Cervantes; Liliana del Sagrario Villarreal-Hernández; Juan Pablo Villaseñor-Romero; Sandra Ofelia Hernández-González; Manuel González-Ortiz; Esperanza Martínez-Abundis; Karina Griselda Pérez-Rubio Journal: J Investig Med Date: 2015-02 Impact factor: 2.895
Authors: Renee Dufault; Zara Berg; Raquel Crider; Roseanne Schnoll; Larry Wetsit; Wayne Two Bulls; Steven G Gilbert; H M Skip Kingston; Mesay Mulugeta Wolle; G M Mizanur Rahman; Dan R Laks Journal: Integr Mol Med Date: 2015
Authors: Julian Esparza-Romero; Mauro E Valencia; Rene Urquidez-Romero; Lisa S Chaudhari; Robert L Hanson; William C Knowler; Eric Ravussin; Peter H Bennett; Leslie O Schulz Journal: Diabetes Care Date: 2015-08-05 Impact factor: 19.112