Complete hunting cycle of Dionaea muscipula: consecutive steps and their electrical properties.

The total hunting cycle of the Venus flytrap consists of five stages: 1. Open state→2. Closed state→3. Locked state→4. Constriction and digestion→5. Semi-open state→1. Open state. The opening of the trap after digestion consists of two steps: opening of the lobes, and changing of their curvature from concave to convex shape. Uncouplers carbonylcyanide-4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone (FCCP) and carbonylcyanide-3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) inhibit the trap from opening for two weeks and antracene-9-carboxylic acid inhibits the trap from constricting. Different stages of the hunting cycle have different electrical characteristics. The biologically closed electrochemical circuits in the Venus flytrap are analyzed using the charged capacitor method. If the initial voltage applied to the Venus flytrap is 0.5V or greater, changing the polarity of the electrodes between the midrib and one of the lobes results in a rectification effect and in different kinetics of discharge capacitance. These effects can be caused by the fast transport of ions through ion channels. The electrical properties of the Venus flytrap were investigated and equivalent electrical circuits within the upper leaf were proposed to explain the experimental data.